Fig. 5.

Summary of experiments demonstrating NDs accumulate in immune-infiltrated islets and show increase contrast signal within the pancreas after vaporization. (A) After NDs are infused, the healthy islet microvasculature is not permeable (Left), and NDs are cleared from the blood stream (Right). (B) Immune-infiltrated islets in presymptomatic T1D have high vascular permeability and infused NDs accumulate in the tissue (Left). Following clearing from the vasculature, vaporization of accumulated NDs provides a source of increased subharmonic contrast (Right). This contrast signal therefore provides a measure of insulitis and thus presymptomatic T1D.