Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Included Participants from COPDGene (n = 1,687)
| Characteristic | Metformin Nonusers (n = 1,572) [n (%) or Mean ± SD] | Metformin Users (n = 115) [n (%) or Mean ± SD] | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 63 ± 8.4 | 65.6 ± 7.1 | <0.01 |
| Sex, F | 740 (47) | 40 (35) | 0.01 |
| Black race | 310 (20) | 17 (15) | 0.2 |
| GOLD stage | 0.1 | ||
| GOLD 1 (FEV1 ⩾ 80%) | 371 (24) | 19 (17) | |
| GOLD 2 (50% ⩽ FEV1 < 80%) | 760 (48) | 61 (53) | |
| GOLD 3 (30% ⩽ FEV1 < 50%) | 355 (23) | 32 (28) | |
| GOLD 4 (FEV1 < 30%) | 86 (6) | 3 (3) | |
| Post-bronchodilator FEV1pp, % | 64 ± 21 | 62 ± 19 | 0.4 |
| Pack-years of smoking at baseline | 64 ± 9.0 | 63 ± 8 | 0.3 |
| Current smoker | 579 (37) | 28 (24) | <0.01 |
| Additional pack-years at follow-up | 3.6 ± 2.6 | 4.3 ± 2.6 | 0.1 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28 ± 5.6 | 31.8 ± 5.6 | <0.01 |
| Comorbidity count* | 2.3 ± 1.7 | 4.2 ± 1.6 | <0.01 |
| ACE/ARB use | 394 (25) | 78 (68) | <0.01 |
| Baseline CT characteristics | |||
| Percentage of emphysema | 10.2 ± 10.6 | 7.3 ± 8.2 | <0.01 |
| Adjusted lung density, g/L | 73.8 ± 25.1 | 79 ± 21.4 | 0.03 |
Definition of abbreviations: ACE/ARB = angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin II receptor blocker; COPDGene = Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; CT = computed tomography; GOLD = Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; FEV1pp = FEV1% predicted.
*
Count of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, stroke, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.