Figure 2.

Establishment of the dominance–submission relationships among paired Rnc males and body weight, relative abundance of MUPs and numbers of offspring sired by dominant and subordinate Rnc males. Frequency of attacks (A) and defenses (B) of paired Rnc males during 10-min dyadic encounters for 14 consecutive days (C). Body weights and relative MUP abundances of the paired males before and after 2 weeks of dyadic encounters and the numbers of offspring sired by the dominant and subordinate males (mean ± SE, paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).