Table 1.

List of previously developed self-report nightmare measures and the dimensions assessed.

				Nightmare dimensions assessed
First author (year)	N	Name of measure	# of items	Frequency	Intensity	Chronicity	Recall	Sleep disruption	Daytime impact	DSM-5 nightmare disorder
Belicki (1992) [51]	540	Nightmare Distress Questionnaire	13		X			X	X
Belicki et al. (1997) [52]	–*	Nightmare Effects Survey	12					X	X
Ağargün et al. (1999) [53]	76	Van Dream Anxiety Scale	13	X	X		X	X	X
Krakow et al. (2000) [54]	169	Nightmare Frequency Questionnaire	2	X
Davis et al. (2001) [55]	59	Trauma-Related Nightmare Survey	16	X	X	X		X	X
Köthe et al. (2001) [56]	41	Nightmare Behavior Questionnaire	30	X	X				X
Krakow et al. (2002) [57]	69	Disturbing Dreams and Nightmare Severity Index	5	X	X			X
Spoormaker et al. (2005) [58]	699	Subscale of SLEEP-50	5		X		X	X
Chen et al. (2014) [59]	321	Nightmare Experience Questionnaire	21		X		X	X	X
Schredl et al. (2014) [60]	2929	Mannheim Dream Questionnaire	27	X	X	X	X		X
Gorzka et al. (2019) [61]	707	Hamburg Nightmare Questionnaire	30	X	X		X	X	X
Kelly & Mathe (2019) [62]	819	Nightmare Experience Scale	4	X	X
Current study	460	Nightmare Disorder Index	5	X	X	X	X	X	X	X

Note. Intensity refers to the intensity of the nightmare (e.g. difficult to push out of your mind, difficulty falling back to sleep). Chronicity refers to the length of time the individual has suffered from nightmares.

*Original article and thus N is unavailable; measure information drawn from description in Krakow et al. [54].