Table 2.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for systematic review using the SPIDER tool.

	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Commentaries, editorials, tutorials, and recommendations
Sample	No human sample necessary	Empirical studies recruiting and gathering data directly from human participants
Phenomenon of Interest	Ethical considerations of re-using social media post containing health information for health research. Can be primary or secondary focus	Focusing on non-social media technology such as search engines and wearable technology Focus on interventions using social media Focus on delivery of health care advice via social media
Design	Any expert opinion papers including: commentaries, opinion, perspective, discussion, editorial, literature review papers etc.	Empirical/experimental methods
Evaluation	Any qualitative exploration of the ethical considerations toward using social media posts for health research, in any part of the paper	Quantitative evaluation of results
Research Type	Peer-reviewed journal articles in English published from 2006 to 2018	Quantitative research Not in peer-reviewed journal Published in a language other than English Conference Abstracts
Qualitative studies on social media users' views
Sample	People who post health information on social media. No minimum sample size required	Focused on other populations' views, such as researchers or review board members
Phenomenon of Interest	Views or attitudes on the use of health information posted on social media being utilized in health research	Not specific to health research Focus on interventions using social media
Design	Qualitative or mixed methods studies including surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups	Studies with only quantitative data.
Evaluation	Qualitative analysis of views or attitudes toward the use of health-related social media posts being re-used for health research	Quantitative evaluation only
Research Type	Peer-reviewed journal articles in English with qualitative or mixed methods, published from 2006 to 2018	Systematic reviews, editorials, commentaries, opinion, perspective, discussion papers, etc. Not published in a peer-reviewed journal Published in a language other than English Conference Abstracts
Gray literature
Literature type	Reports giving commentaries, editorials, tutorials, guidelines, or recommendations	Digital tools, websites, e.g., showcasing research groups, social media sites themselves. PowerPoint slides
Topic	Ethical health or social science research, which uses social media data in a passive way (e.g., data scraping)	Recruitment or interaction with social media users; interventions or health care delivered or deliverable through social media Guidance of use of ethical social media by health care professional Research for commercial companies, e.g., social listening, market research. NHS patient data