Table 2.
Population data of the 18 randomized control trials that report behavior change techniques used in digital health interventions for reducing sedentary behavior.
| References | Population and sample size (N) | Follow-up time frame | Intervention group N (female percentage when reported) | Control group N (female percentage when reported) | Age (mean ± SD, when reported) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Control group | Total | |||||
| Adams et al. (19) | Overweight/obese N = 96 | 4 months | G1 immediate rewards 25 (88% female) G2 delayed rewards 24 (71% female) G3 static goals with immediate rewards 24 (79% female) G4 static goals with delayed rewards 23 (70% female) |
G1 41·0 ± 10·16; G2 44·5 ± 10·70; G3 38·4 ± 8·22; G4 40·3 ± 7·91 |
41 ± 9·5 | ||
| Frederix (20) | Heart disease N = 126 | 6 months | 62 (16% female) | 64 (20% female) | 61 ± 9 | 61 ± 8·0 | |
| Haggerty et al. (21) | Endometrial cancer N = 19 | 6 months | 11 (100% female) | 8 (100% female) | 62 ± 58·7 | ||
| Haller (22) | Depression N = 20 | 4 months | 14 (71% female) | 6 (50% female) | 43 ± 14·0 | 51 ± 12·0 | 45 ± 14·0 |
| Holmen (23) | Type 2 diabetes N = 101 | 1 year | 51(33% female) | 50 (40% female) | 58·6 ± 11·8 | 56 ± 12·2 | |
| Hutchesson et al. (24) | Young women N = 57 | 6 months | 29 (100% female) | 28 (100% female) | 26·3 ± 4·3 | 28 ± 5·0 | 27 ± 4·7 |
| Kempf et al. (25) | Overweight N = 100 | 6 months | 34 (15% female) | Control 1: 30 (16% female) Control 2: 36 (17% female) |
51 ± 6 | Control 1: 48 ± 5; | |
| Control 2: 51 ± 5 | |||||||
| Lari et al. (26) | Type 2 diabetes N = 34 | 4 months | 17 (46% female) | 17 (47% female) | 46 ± 9·1 | 49 ± 9·1 | |
| Li et al. (27) | Knee osteoarthritis N = 61 | 6 months | 61 (82% female) | 62 ± 8·9 | |||
| Maddison et al. (28) | Heart disease N = 162 | 6 months | 82 (16% female) | 80 (13% female) | 61 ± 13·2 | 62 ± 12·2 | |
| Martin et al. (29) | Heart disease N = 48 | 3 weeks | G1 no texts 16 (44% female); G2 texts 16 (50%female) | 16 (44% female) | G1 58 ± 8; G2 55 ± 8 | 60 ± 7·0 | 58 ± 8·0 |
| Partridge et al. (30) | Healthy N = 248 | 9 months | 123 (61% female) | 125 (61% female) | |||
| Pfaeffli Dale et al. (31) | Heart disease N = 123 | 6 months | 61 (21% female) | 62 (16% female) | 59 ± 10·5 | 60 ± 11·8 | 59 ± 11·1 |
| Sharma et al. (32) | Healthy N = 382 | 1 year | 190 (51% female) | 192 (53% female) | 18–24 (21.1%); 25–34 (24.7%); 35–44 (22.1%); 45-54 (27.4%); 55–64 (4.7%) | 18–24 (21.4%); 25–34 (24%); 35–44 | |
| (25.5%); 45–54 (26%); 55–64 (3.1%) | |||||||
| Short et al. (33) | Breast cancer N = 156 | 3 months | 156 (100% female) | 55 ± 9·73 | |||
| Simons et al. (34) | Young adults N = 130 | 21 weeks | 60 (42% female) | 70 (60% female) | 24·8 ± 3·1 | 25 ± 3·0 | 25 |
| Spring et al. (35) | Healthy N = 128 | 9 months | 84 (76% female) | 44 (75% female) | 41 ± 11·9 | 41 ± 10·9 | 41 ± 11·9 |
| Wayne et al. (36) | Type 2 diabetes N = 97 | 6 months | 48 (65% female) | 49 (80% female) | 53 ± 10·9 | 53 ± 11·9 | |