Table 1.

Description of DHTI initiatives.

Pain-point	Initiative [Context] Type of technology	Description	Key activities across Innovation Lifecycle
			Step I – Preparation and exploration	Step II – Development and demonstration	Step III – Implementation	Step IV – Sustainability
Available evidence-based concussion guidelines are not accessible to community sports coaches and families, leading to sub-optimal management and family uncertainty regarding children's return to normal activities	HeadCheck [Clinical, Industry, Community] Smartphone application	A smartphone app designed to assist caregivers to identify and act on concussion symptoms in children/adolescents, and most recently in adults. The app includes a concussion recognition component (sideline check and incident recording) and a recovery component [symptoms checking, recovery advice based on evidence-based clinical guidelines (19)]	Interviews with diverse range of stakeholders (major sporting codes, parents, coaches, first aiders, GPs, clinicians, teachers) to validate pain-point Landscape analysis of existing products that could solve pain-point Establish relationship with industry partner (AFL) Conduct user journey mapping Develop solution prototype Develop accurate budget and timeline for steps II–IV	Develop MVP Community pilot and market testing of usability Clinical pilot in emergency department to assess product efficacy and feasibility	Real world evidence: national launch Integration into multi-modal concussion intervention program Inclusion in mandatory training for coaches and first aid staff in community leagues	Leverage partnership with the AFL to launch HeadCheck Funding provided by AFL and venture capital group Freely available on iTunes and Google Play store Downloaded 59,000+ times and assisted in 4,500 head knocks (20)
Difficulty collecting accurate daily symptom data from healthcare workers in an international multicenter trial evaluating whether the Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine may protect against COVID-19	MCRI Trial Symptom Tracker [Research] Smartphone application	This trial assesses the off-target efficacy of the BCG vaccine (for tuberculosis) in protecting against COVID-19 or reducing the severity of symptoms of COVID-19. The Trial Symptom Tracker is a smartphone app focused on participant engagement, and includes evidence-based behavior change techniques to retain participants	Review available evidence to establish which symptoms should be tracked as an indication of COVID-19 infection Consider user-friendliness for end-users (healthcare workers) and trial requirements for data collection Discuss behavior-change approaches to be integrated into app to ensure end-users seek COVID-19 testing when experiencing symptoms as per Department of Health guidelines	Evaluate participant uptake and data quality in a smaller group of participants to assess usability	Update app to also be available in Dutch and Spanish Ensure ethics approvals have been secured in each country where app is to be released Require participants download the app at randomization App compliance reviewed with participants at clinic visits	Plan to add additional data collection tools as COVID-19 environment changes, including new test methods and COVID-19 specific vaccines as they become available
Vancomycin (an antibiotic) is used for the treatment of serious bloodstream infections in young infants admitted to intensive care. Using the standard dosing guidelines, less than half (41%) achieve therapeutic levels (21)	Drug dosing calculator [Clinical] Web-based application	A web application that calculates the vancomycin dose for infants aged 0–90 days using a pharmacokinetic model. The calculator enables precise dosing based on specific patient characteristics and early drug monitoring to ensure that all babies achieve effective antibiotic concentrations for their infection.	Landscape analysis of existing dosing calculator (evaluating pros/cons) Ascertainment of perceived need/interest from end-users (medical, nursing, pharmacists) Feasibility assessment to integrate the calculator within the hospital electronic medical record Develop prototype Demonstration prototype and gather feedback from end-users Formulate project plan for step II	Evaluate barriers, enablers and calculator performance in a multicenter prospective cohort study in four neonatal intensive care units	Implementation in the hospital electronic medical record to streamline workflow and ensure safe prescribing practices	Plan for inclusion of the web app in neonatal dosing guidelines Leverage the web application platform to integrate other dosing calculators for children Explore opportunities for further integration within hospital medical records and online drug formularies