Table 3.

Nine key aspects: Promising complimentarity of CA with other methods, tentative advantages (“+”) vs. disadvantages (“-”) or equality (“0”) of using audio as the modality as compared to other more established methods used at scale in the medical and related setting.

Task	Method	Complementary	Reliability	Robustness	Speed	Effort	Area covered	Accessibility	Privacy	Cooperation requirement	Informationrichness
Risk assessment	5G/BT contact tracing	√	−	−	+	0	+	+	−	+	+
	Temperature measurement	√	+	+	0	0	+	0	−	−	+
Diagnosis	Blood sample, chest x-ray, heart-rate sensing, upper respiratory sample	√	−	−	+	+	+	+	−	0	+
Monitoring: spread,	Wastewater tracking		0	+	+	0	+	−	−	+
social distancing,	Video-based	√	−	+	0	+	+	+	0	−	0
	Chip-based		−	−	0	0	+	+	−	+	+
distancing effects,	Analysis by physiology	√	+	+	0	+	+	+	−	+	+
	Analysis by text		0	−	0	−	−	0	−	0	+
	Analysis by video	√	0	0	0	+	+	+	0	−	0
Treatment/recovery	Medical testing		−	−	+	+	+	+	−	0	0
	Human assessment		0	−	0	+	0	+	+	0	−

Obviously, in general, audio-based assessment requires presence of audio in the first place, which can be positive in terms of privacy, but negative for continuous assessment or such without cooperation requirement. BT, bluetooth.