Table 1.
Demographic characteristics (total N = 3,895).
| N (%) | Mean PHQ-9 total score | Median | Minimum | Maximum | SD of PHQ-9 total score | IQR (Q1–Q3) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||||
| Female | 3,575 (91.79) | 17.76 | 19 | 0 | 27 | 6.821 | (13–23) |
| Male | 256 (6.57) | 15.83 | 17 | 0 | 27 | 7.581 | (11–22) |
| Other | 12 (0.31) | 17.83 | 19.50 | 7 | 27 | 6.408 | (11.25–22.75) |
| Decline to state | 52 (1.33) | 15.25 | 17 | 0 | 27 | 7.685 | (8.25–21.75) |
| Age | |||||||
| Under 55 | 1,256 (32.24) | 18.76 | 20 | 0 | 27 | 6.574 | (15–24) |
| 55–60 | 1,488 (38.22) | 17.68 | 19 | 0 | 27 | 6.702 | (13–23) |
| 61–65 | 624 (16.02) | 16.90 | 18 | 0 | 27 | 7.148 | (13–23) |
| 66–70 | 272 (6.98) | 16.19 | 18 | 0 | 27 | 7.045 | (11.25–21.75) |
| 71–75 | 100 (2.57) | 14.36 | 15.5 | 0 | 27 | 7.473 | (8–20) |
| 76–80 | 41 (1.05) | 13.78 | 13 | 0 | 27 | 6.839 | (8.5–19.5) |
| 80 and older | 12 (0.31) | 10.83 | 10.5 | 0 | 27 | 8.664 | (1.5–17.75) |
| Decline to state | 102 (2.62) | 15.53 | 16 | 0 | 27 | 7.634 | (9–22) |
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| Asian | 86 (2.2) | 16.53 | 18 | 0 | 27 | 7.617 | (12–23) |
| Black | 358 (9.2) | 14.65 | 16 | 0 | 27 | 7.642 | (8–21) |
| White | 1,879 (48.2) | 18.13 | 20 | 0 | 27 | 6.577 | (14–23) |
| Latin American | 81 (2.1) | 18.38 | 20 | 0 | 27 | 6.914 | (14–24) |
| Indigenous | 123 (3.2) | 17.72 | 20 | 0 | 27 | 6.827 | (14–23) |
| Mixed | 7 (0.2) | 18 | 18 | 7 | 26 | 6.733 | (14.5–23) |
| Other | 103 (2.6) | 16.24 | 18 | 0 | 27 | 7.413 | (11–23) |
| Decline to state | 1,258 (32.3) | 17.76 | 19 | 0 | 27 | 6.151 | (13–23) |
| Living status | |||||||
| Living alone | 1,155 (29.65) | 17.30 | 19 | 0 | 27 | 7.100 | (13–23) |
| Not living alone | 2,675 (68.68) | 17.78 | 19 | 0 | 27 | 6.779 | (14–23) |
| Decline to state | 65 (1.67) | 15.20 | 16 | 0 | 27 | 7.888 | (8.5–21) |
| Education | |||||||
| Schooling but not a HS diploma | 890 (22.85) | 18.17 | 20 | 0 | 27 | 6.783 | (14–23) |
| HS diploma/equivalent | 1,648 (42.31) | 17.57 | 19 | 0 | 27 | 6.937 | (13–23) |
| College certificate or diploma, trade, vocational or technical school, CEGEP | 842 (21.62) | 17.56 | 19 | 0 | 27 | 6.732 | (13–23) |
| University | 164 (4.21) | 15.57 | 16 | 0 | 27 | 7.325 | (11–21.75) |
| PhD or equivalent | 20 (0.51) | 14.00 | 17 | 0 | 26 | 8.272 | (6.75–20) |
| Other | 331 (8.50) | 17.51 | 19 | 0 | 27 | 6.97 | (14–23) |
| Employment status | |||||||
| Employed, full time | 484 (12.43) | 16.29 | 17 | 0 | 27 | 6.929 | (11–22) |
| Employed, part time | 311 (7.98) | 16.73 | 18 | 0 | 27 | 6.853 | (12–22) |
| Unemployed and currently looking for work | 335 (8.60) | 18.55 | 20 | 0 | 27 | 6.809 | (15–24) |
| Unemployed and not currently looking for work | 194 (4.98) | 18.13 | 20 | 0 | 27 | 7.004 | (14–24) |
| Student | 27 (0.69) | 17.30 | 19 | 0 | 26 | 7.660 | (10–24) |
| Retired | 589 (15.12) | 15.75 | 17 | 0 | 27 | 7.334 | (10.5–22) |
| Volunteer | 20 (0.51) | 15.60 | 16.5 | 0 | 27 | 9.316 | (9–24) |
| Homemaker | 182 (4.67) | 16.55 | 18 | 0 | 27 | 7.329 | (11–23) |
| Self-employed | 118 (3.03) | 16.30 | 17 | 0 | 27 | 7.044 | (11–22.25) |
| Unable to work | 1,587 (40.74) | 18.83 | 20 | 0 | 27 | 6.353 | (15–24) |
| Decline to state | 48 (1.23) | 17.69 | 18 | 0 | 27 | 6.941 | (14–23.75) |
Bolded means in the table represent the subgroups with the highest mean score.