Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion principles

Principle	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Population	Any populations including the healthy people and the diseased people	NA
Intervention	Using MSC as treatment, regardless of the administration methods (e.g. local implantation and injection) and sources of MSC (e.g. from the adipose, bone marrow and gum)	Using NSC, ESC, olfactory neuron, Schwann cell, h-IPS and stem cell from body fluids (e.g. saliva, urine, serum and tears), etc. but MSC as interventions
Comparison	Placebo treatment, nontreatment or basic treatment both utilized in the control and the intervention groups	Merely using traditional treatment (surgery and drug) in the control group but not in the intervention group
Outcome	(1) Any side events associated with MSC treatment; (2) one side event reported by more than one study; (3) regardless of the efficacy of MSC therapy for any diseases	No side events reported
Study	(1) RCT; (2) prospective controlled study	(1) Case report (series); (2) single-arm study; (3) retrospective controlled study; (4) cross-controlled study; (5) study protocol

ESC embryonic stem cell, MSC mesenchymal stromal cells, NSC neuronal stem cell, h-IPS human-induced pluripotent stem cell, NA not available