Table 1.
Sexual Behavior During the Zika Virus Epidemic, Stratified by Sex, in Pau da Lima Community, Salvador, Brazil
| Sexual Behavior During the ZIKV Epidemic | ZIKV Positive | ZIKV Negative | P Value | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General population | ||||
| ≤6 y of schooling | 114/207 (55.1) | 69/152 (45.4) | .07 | 1.5 (1–2.2) |
| Had sex (August 2015–January 2016) | 113/207 (54.6) | 89/152 (58.6) | .45 | 0.9 (.5–1.3) |
| >1 sexual partner | 8/113 (7.1) | 0/89 (0) | .02a | 10.3 (1.1–606.2)b |
| Sex with fixed partners | 100/112 (89.3) | 83/89 (93.3) | .33 | 0.6 (.2–1.7) |
| Condomless sex with fixed partners | 87/100 (87) | 70/82 (85.4) | .75 | 1.5 (.5–2.7) |
| Sex with casual partners | 15/113 (13.3) | 5/88 (5.7) | .07 | 2.5 (.9–7.3) |
| Condomless sex with casual partners | 8/15 (53.3) | 1/5 (20) | .32a | 4.6 (.4–51.1) |
| Self-report of Zika-like symptoms in sexual partner | 17/112 (15.2) | 10/88 (11.4) | .53 | 1.4 (.6–3.2) |
| Male group | ||||
| ≤6 y of schooling | 44/79 (55.7) | 30/59 (50.8) | .57 | 1.2 (.6–2.4) |
| Had sex (August 2015–January 2016) | 39/79 (49.4) | 28/59 (47.5) | .82 | 1.1 (.5–2.1) |
| >1 sexual partner | 6/39 (15.4) | 0/28 (0) | .04a | 7.7 (.7–483.1)b |
| Sex with fixed partners | 29/38 (76.3) | 25/28 (89.3) | .18 | 0.4 (.1–1.6) |
| Condomless sex with fixed partners | 24/29 (82.8) | 22/25 (88) | .71a | 0.7 (.1–3.1) |
| Sex with casual partners | 12/39 (30.8) | 2/28 (7.1) | .02 | 5.8 (1.2–28.4) |
| Condomless sex with casual partners | 5/12 (41.7) | 0/2 (0) | .51a | 2.2 (.1–201.4)b |
| Self-report of Zika-like symptoms in sexual partner | 4/38 (10.5) | 3/27 (11.1) | .99a | 0.9 (.2–4.6) |
| Female group | ||||
| ≤6 y of schooling | 70/128 (54.7) | 39/93 (41.9) | .61 | 1.6 (1–2.9) |
| Had sex (August 2015–January 2016) | 74/128 (57.8) | 61/93 (65.6) | .24 | 0.7 (.4–1.3) |
| >1 sexual partner | 2/128 (1.6) | 0/61 (0) | .50a | 1.9 (.1–115.8)b |
| Sex with fixed partners | 71/74 (95.9) | 58/61 (95.1) | .99 | 1.2 (.2–6.3) |
| Condomless sex with fixed partners | 63/71 (88.7) | 48/57 (84.2) | .45 | 1.5 (.5–4.1) |
| Sex with casual partners | 3/74 (4.1) | 3/60 (5) | .99a | 0.8 (.2–4.1) |
| Condomless sex with casual partners | 3/3 (100) | 1/3 (33.3) | .40a | 12 (.3–556.7)b |
| Self-report of Zika-like symptoms in sexual partner | 13/74 (17.6) | 7/61 (11.5) | .32 | 1.6 (.6–4.4) |
Data are presented as No. of positive answers/total No. of answers (%), unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; ZIKV, Zika virus.
aFisher exact test P value.
bOR calculated with the Haldane–Anscombe correction and Fisher exact test.