Table 2.

The association between total testosterone (ng/dL) and total bone mineral density (g/cm²)

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	β (95% CI)	P value	β (95% CI)	P value	β (95% CI)	P value
Total testosterone (ng/dL)	0.0001 (0.0001, 0.0001)	< 0.000001	0.0000 (− 0.0000, 0.0000)	0.907372	0.0001 (0.0001, 0.0002)	< 0.000001
Total testosterone categories
Q1	0		0		0
Q2	0.0067 (− 0.0026, 0.0160)	0.159252	0.0034 (− 0.0055, 0.0123)	0.449622	0.0057 (− 0.0035, 0.0150)	0.223303
Q3	0.0633 (− 0.0540, 0.0726)	< 0.000001	0.0023 (− 0.0171, 0.0217)	0.815594	0.0044 (− 0.0154, 0.0242)	0.665964
Q4	0.0775 (0.0682, 0.0867)	< 0.000001	0.0104 (− 0.0108, 0.0315)	0.335823	0.0155 (− 0.0063, 0.0372)	0.162864
Subgroup analysis stratified by sex
Men	0.0000 (− 0.0000, 0.0000)	0.719289	0.0000 (− 0.0000, 0.0000)	0.864406	0.0000 (− 0.0000, 0.0000)	0.36741
Women	− 0.0001 (− 0.0002, 0.0001)	0.492458	− 0.0001 (− 0.0002, 0.0001)	0.270182	− 0.0001 (− 0.0003, 0.0000)	0.151631
Subgroup analysis stratified by race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	0.0001 (0.0001, 0.0001)	< 0.000001	− 0.0001 (− 0.0001, 0.0000)	0.062793	− 0.0001 (− 0.0001, 0.0000)	0.324209
Non-Hispanic black	0.0001 (0.0001, 0.0002)	< 0.000001	0.0000 (− 0.0000, 0.0001)	0.521033	0.0000 (− 0.0000, 0.0001)	0.303087
Mexican American	0.0001 (0.0001, 0.0001)	< 0.000001	− 0.0001 (− 0.0001, 0.0000)	0.05225	− 0.0000 (− 0.0001, 0.0000)	0.155034
Other race/ethnicity	0.0001 (0.0001, 0.0002)	< 0.000001	0.0000 (− 0.0000, 0.0001)	0.193526	0.0000 (− 0.0000, 0.0001)	0.315806

Model 1: no covariates were adjusted. Model 2: age, sex, and race/ethnicity were adjusted. Model 3: age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income poverty ratio, total protein, serum phosphorus and serum calcium were adjusted. In the subgroup analysis stratified by sex and race/ethnicity, the model is not adjusted for sex and race/ethnicity, respectively