Table 1.
Comparisons Between Persons With (Cases)a and Without (Controls) a Positive SARS-CoV-2 Test ≥90 Days After First Detection (N = 1260), by Demographics, New Mexico, March–December 2020
| Characteristics | Cases (N = 315) | Controls (N = 945) | P Valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | No. (%) | ||
| Median age, years (IQR) | 44 (29–56) | 39 (25–54) | .001 |
| Median number of SARS-CoV-2 tests since first positive testc (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 0 (0–1) | <.0001 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 171 (54.3) | 471 (49.8) | .18 |
| Male | 142 (45.1) | 468 (49.5) | |
| Missing | 2 (0.6) | 6 (0.6) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native | 140 (44) | 365 (39) | .05 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 118 (37) | 370 (39) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 42 (13) | 138 (15) | |
| Non-Hispanic Other Raced | 8 (3) | 31 (3) | |
| Missing | 7 (2) | 41 (4) | |
| Hospitalized During First SARS-CoV-2 Infection | |||
| Not hospitalized | 262 (83) | 832 (88) | .06 |
| Hospitalized | 37 (12) | 85 (9) | |
| Intensive Care Unit | 16 (3) | 28 (5) | |
| Symptomatic During First SARS-CoV-2 Infection | |||
| Yes | 166 (53) | 515 (55) | .09 |
| No | 75 (24) | 175 (19) | |
| Missing | 74 (23) | 255 (27) | |
| Chronic Lung Diseasee | |||
| Yes | 38 (34) | 78 (8) | .04 |
| No | 171 (54) | 546 (58) | |
| Missing | 106 (34) | 321 (34) | |
| Diabetes Mellitus | |||
| Yes | 62 (20) | 96 (10) | .0004 |
| No | 147 (47) | 534 (57) | |
| Missing | 106 (34) | 315 (33) | |
| Cardiovascular Disease | |||
| Yes | 40 (13) | 80 (8) | .22 |
| No | 164 (52) | 546 (58) | |
| Missing | 111 (35) | 319 (34) | |
| Chronic Renal Disease | |||
| Yes | 7 (2) | 17 (2) | .74 |
| No | 194 (62) | 597 (63) | |
| Missing | 114 (36) | 331 (35) | |
| Chronic liver disease | |||
| Yes | 6 (2) | 24 (3) | .40 |
| No | 195 (62) | 595 (63) | |
| Missing | 114 (36) | 326 (35) | |
| Immunocompromising Conditionf | |||
| Yes | 8 (3) | 14 (1) | .29 |
| No | 193 (61) | 597 (63) | |
| Missing | 114 (36) | 334 (35) | |
| Neurologic/Neurodevelopmental/Intellectual Disability | |||
| Yes | 19 (6) | 31 (3) | .22 |
| No | 179 (57) | 569 (57) | |
| Missing | 117 (37) | 345 (37) | |
| Other Chronic Diseaseg | |||
| Yes | 54 (17) | 114 (12) | .07 |
| No | 152 (48) | 476 (50) | |
| Missing | 109 (35) | 355 (38) | |
| Working or Residing in Healthcare or Detention/Correctional Settings | |||
| None | 168 (53) | 540 (57) | .0001 |
| Healthcare worker | 29 (9) | 66 (7) | |
| Long-term care facility resident | 31 (10) | 44 (5) | |
| Staff or resident of detention/correctional facility | 31 (10) | 39 (4) | |
| Missing | 56 (18) | 256 (27) |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome.
aCases were defined as persons for whom SARS-CoV-2 was detected ≥90 days after first symptom onset or first positive SARS-CoV-2 test collection date. Controls were defined as persons without SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen detection ≥90 days after symptom onset or specimen collection date. Cases and controls were matched on region of residence and specimen collection date of first positive SARS-CoV-2 test.
bDifference in cases and controls compared with Wald χ 2 test in univariable conditional logistic regression.
cThe number of SARS-CoV-2 tests were counted between the specimen collection date of a patient’s first positive SARS-CoV-2 test and up to, but not including, the specimen collection date ≥90 days after first infection for cases. Because controls had no positive SARS-CoV-2 tests ≥90 days after first infection as of December 10, 2020, the number of tests for a control was determined using the time frame defined by a control’s matched case.
dNon-Hispanic other race includes non-Hispanic individuals of Asian, Black, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander race.
eIncludes asthma, emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
fDoes not include diabetes mellitus.
gThe case investigation interview form provided a question for patients to report any other chronic disease not listed above.