Table 3.
Event Rates and Survival Analysis Results for Longitudinal Clinical Outcomes
| Event Rates and Survival Analysis | Low Viral Load (<3.32 log10 copies/mL) |
Middle Viral Load (3.32–5.09 log10 copies/mL) |
High Viral Load (>5.09 log10 copies/mL) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participantsa | 450 | 453 | 453 |
| All-Cause Mortality | |||
| Events | 90 (20.0) | 115 (25.4) | 194 (42.8) |
| Person-days | 22 932 | 21 966 | 18 732 |
| Event ratea,b | 3.92 (3.17–4.80) | 5.24 (4.34–6.26) | 10.36 (8.98–11.89) |
| Unadjusted HR | 1 (ref) | 1.31 (0.99–1.73) | 2.42 (1.89–3.11) |
| Adjusted HR | 1 (ref) | 1.22 (0.92–1.65) | 2.13 (1.62–2.82) |
| Clinical Status Improvement | |||
| Events | 329 (73.1) | 298 (65.8) | 212 (46.8) |
| Person-days | 6420 | 7497 | 9363 |
| Event ratec | 5.12 (4.59–5.70) | 3.97 (3.54–4.45) | 2.26 (1.98–2.59) |
| Unadjusted sHR | 1 (ref) | 0.78 (0.66–0.90) | 0.46 (0.39–0.54) |
| Adjusted sHR | 1 (ref) | 0.80 (0.68–0.94) | 0.47 (0.39–0.56) |
| Improvement in Oxygenation | |||
| Events | 292 (64.9) | 283 (62.5) | 227 (50.1) |
| Person-days | 6835 | 7287 | 8645 |
| Event ratec | 4.27 (3.80–4.78) | 3.88 (3.45–4.36) | 2.63 (2.30–2.99) |
| Unadjusted sHR | 1 (ref) | 0.90 (0.77–1.05) | 0.64 (0.54–0.75) |
| Adjusted sHR | 1 (ref) | 0.92 (0.78–1.10) | 0.65 (0.54–0.79) |
| Hospital Discharge | |||
| Events | 296 (65.8) | 262 (57.8) | 171 (37.7) |
| Person-days | 7433 | 8652 | 10 562 |
| Event ratec | 3.98 (3.55–4.46) | 3.03 (2.68–3.41) | 1.62 (1.39–1.88) |
| Unadjusted sHR | 1 (ref) | 0.76 (0.64–0.89) | 0.41 (0.34–0.50) |
| Adjusted sHR | 1 (ref) | 0.76 (0.64–0.91) | 0.40 (0.33–0.50) |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; ref, reference; sHR, subdistribution HR.
NOTES: Data are presented as n (%), event rates (95% confidence interval [CI]), or HRs (95% CI). The sample was split into equal tertiles using baseline viral copies/mL. Survival analysis was performed for longitudinal outcomes in middle and high viral load groups relative to the low viral load group. Since all-cause mortality is a competing risk with the other 3 outcomes, sHRs were calculated. The variables in the covariate-adjusted models include age, sex, race, ethnicity, steroid use, duration of pneumonia before baseline, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, and treatment arm.
aNumber of patients in each tertile is 454; missing clinical data for low viral load (n = 4), middle viral load (n = 1), and high viral load (n = 1).
bPer 1000 person-days.
cPer 100 person-days.