Table 3.
Multinomial Logit Model Coefficients Predicting Contact in a Typical Week by Mode Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic: Change to Weekly or More, Stayed Less Than Weekly, or Changed to Less Than Weekly (vs. stayed weekly or more), Adults Aged 70 and Older
| In-person | Phone | Electronic | Video | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Changed to weekly or more | Stayed less than weekly | Changed to less than weekly | Changed to weekly or more | Stayed less than weekly | Changed to less than weekly | Changed to weekly or more | Stayed less than weekly | Changed to less than weekly | Changed to weekly or more | Stayed less than weekly | Changed to less than weekly | |
| Setting | ||||||||||||
| Community, no limitations | (omitted) | (omitted) | (omitted) | (omitted) | ||||||||
| Community with limitations | −0.03 | 0.36** | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.54** | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.84** | 0.09 | −0.30 | −0.16 | 0.22 |
| Residential care: independent living | −0.35 | 1.69** | 0.97** | 0.06 | −0.25 | 0.44 | −0.91 | 0.24 | −1.27 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 1.25* |
| Residential care: assisted living or nursing home | 0.44 | 0.82 | 1.94** | 0.92 | 1.48** | 0.85 | 0.57 | 1.98** | −0.92 | 0.03 | −0.77 | 0.48 |
| Age | 0.02 | −0.02 | −0.02 | −0.01 | −0.01 | −0.02 | 0.03 | 0.09** | 0.04* | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Female | −0.20 | 0.08 | 0.31* | −0.57 | −0.24 | −0.37 | −0.52* | −0.41** | −0.17 | 0.32 | −0.13 | 0.37 |
| White, non-Hispanic | −0.24 | −0.70** | −0.13 | −0.44 | 0.30 | 0.54 | −0.97** | −0.97** | −1.01** | 0.30 | 0.59** | −0.09 |
| Lived alone | −0.18 | −0.44** | −0.45** | 0.20 | −0.27 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.33** | −0.35 | −0.39 | 0.20 | −0.08 |
| Had at least one nonresident daughter | −0.40 | −0.12 | −0.02 | −0.55 | −0.56** | −0.57** | −0.06 | −0.02 | −0.03 | −0.37 | −0.29 | −0.05 |
| Had at least one nonresident social network member | −0.42 | −0.56** | −0.22 | −0.55 | −1.04** | −0.58* | 0.45 | −0.41** | −0.07 | 0.21 | 0.07 | 0.48 |
| Nonresident network size | −0.02 | −0.02 | −0.00 | 0.07 | −0.03 | −0.05 | 0.16 | −0.47** | −0.80* | 0.00 | −0.07* | 0.01 |
| Had at least a college education | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.41* | −0.28 | −0.09 | −0.70** | −0.32 | −0.98** | −0.50 | 1.04** | −0.50** | 0.39 |
| Used email or texting most days or some days or went on social networking sites | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.42** | −0.12 | −0.47* | −0.33 | — | — | — | −0.10 | −1.11** | −0.90** |
| Constant | −2.97 | 2.64* | 0.60 | −1.31 | −0.03 | 0.29 | −4.55* | −6.05** | −4.02* | −0.40 | 1.63 | −2.82 |
Notes: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019. N = 3,098.
*p < .05, **p < .01.