Table 1.
Demographic and disease characteristics, overall and by clinical IBD activity [PGA] category
| Variable | Overall [N = 6078] | PGA remission/mild [N = 4898] | PGA moderate [N = 920] | PGA severe [N = 260] | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N [%] or median [IQR] | |||||
| COVID-19 period | |||||
| Mar 20 to Oct 20 | 2729 [45%] | 2150 [44%] | 431 [47%] | 148 [57%] | <0.001 |
| Nov 21 to Jul 21 | 3349 [55%] | 2748 [56%] | 489 [53%] | 112 [43%] | |
| Country GDP [trillion USD] | 1.84 [0.91–21.4] | 1.84 [0.91–21.4] | 1.74 [0.91–21.4] | 1.70 [0.76–21.4] | 0.25 |
| Male | 2916/5990 [49%] | 2334/4830 [48%] | 445/908 [49%] | 137/252 [54%] | 0.17 |
| Age [years] | 38 [26–52] | 38 [26–52] | 38 [27–52] | 37 [26–48] | |
| ≤50 years | 4419 [73%] | 3552 [73%] | 664 [72%] | 203 [78%] | 0.68 |
| >50 years | 1659 [27%] | 1346 [27%] | 256 [28%] | 57 [22%] | 0.14 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 772/5733 [13%] | 612/4629 [13%] | 129/866 [15%] | 21/238 [13%] | 0.19 |
| White | 4315/5733 [75%] | 3495/4629 [76%] | 648/866 [75%] | 172/238 [72%] | |
| Black | 260/5733 [5%] | 205/4629 [4%] | 38/866 [4%] | 17/238 [7%] | |
| Asian | 216/5563 [4%] | 180/4629 [4%] | 23/866 [3%] | 13/238 [5%] | |
| Other/mixed | 170/5733 [3%] | 137/4629 [3%] | 28/866 [3%] | 5/238 [2%] | |
| IBD type | |||||
| CD | 3472/6052 [57%] | 2854/4876 [59%] | 499/916 [54%] | 119 [45%] | <0.001 |
| UC/IBD-U | 2580/6052 [43%] | 2022/4876 [41%] | 417/916 [46%] | 141 [54%] | |
| BMI ≥301 | 896/5175 [17%] | 732/4148 [18%] | 134/800 [17%] | 30/227 [13%] | 0.21 |
| BMI1 | 24.3 [21.6–28.0] | 24.5 [21.8–28.0] | 24.1 [21.2–27.8] | 22.5 [19.6–26.1] | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| None | 4178 [69%] | 3384 [69%] | 613 [67%] | 181 [70%] | 0.29 |
| 1 | 1314 [22%] | 1051 [21%] | 215 [23%] | 48 [18%] | |
| ≥2 | 586 [10%] | 463 [9%] | 92 [10%] | 31 [12%] | |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 400 [7%] | 118 [2%] | 169 [18%] | 113 [43%] | <0.001 |
| Anti-TNF mono [no IMM] | 1954 [32%] | 1666 [34%] | 236 [26%] | 52 [20%] | <0.001 |
| Anti-TNF combo [with IMM] | 602 [10%] | 488 [10%] | 88 [10%] | 26 [10%] | 0.93 |
| With thiopurine | 468 [8%] | 372 [8%] | 73 [8%] | 23 [9%] | 0.73 |
| With MTX | 135 [2%] | 117 [2%] | 15 [2%] | 3 [1%] | 0.18 |
| IMM mono [no anti-TNF] | 702 [12%] | 571 [12%] | 104 [11%] | 27 [10%] | 0.80 |
| Thiopurine [without TNF] | 611 [10%] | 499 [10%] | 89 [10%] | 23 [9%] | 0.72 |
| MTX [without TNF] | 92 [2%] | 73 [1%] | 15 [2%] | 4 [2%] | 0.95 |
| Anti-integrin | 665 [11%] | 516 [11%] | 118 [13%] | 31 [12%] | 0.11 |
| Ustekinumab | 556 [9%] | 405 [8%] | 122 [13%] | 29 [11%] | <0.001 |
| Tofacitinib | 101 [2%] | 69 [1%] | 27 [3%] | 5 [2%] | 0.004 |
| Mesalamine/sulfasalazine | 1847 [30%] | 1431 [29%] | 320 [35%] | 96 [37%] | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; CD, Crohn’s disease; GDP, gross domestic product; IBD-U, IBD-unclassified; IMM, immunomodulator; MTX, methotrexate; OR, odds ratio; PGA, physician global assessment; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; UC, ulcerative colitis; USD, US dollars.
If denominator not shown, no missing data.
115% missing data.