Table 3.
Adjusted associations of demographic and disease characteristics with COVID-19 outcomes [using multivariable GEE models]
| Variable1 | ICU/ventilation/death2,3 | p-value | Hospitalization4 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR [95% CI] | aOR [95% CI] | |||
| PGA | ||||
| Remission/mild | Reference | Reference | ||
| Moderate | 1.18 [0.89–1.57] | 0.26 | 1.48 [1.23–1.79] | <0.001 |
| Severe | 1.56 [0.85–2.85] | 0.15 | 3.24 [2.34–4.50] | <0.001 |
| COVID-19 period | ||||
| Nov 21 to Jul 21 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Mar 20 to Oct 20 | 1.86 [1.42–2.44] | <0.001 | 2.28 [1.71–3.03] | <0.001 |
| Age [years] | 1.05 [1.04–1.06] | <0.001 | 1.03 [1.02–1.04] | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Reference | Reference | ||
| Male | 1.15 [0.81–1.62] | 0.43 | 1.30 [1.09–1.55] | 0.0030 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| None | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1 | 2.05 [1.59–2.65] | <0.001 | 1.72 [1.49–1.99] | <0.001 |
| ≥2 | 5.57 [4.40–7.04] | <0.001 | 3.42 [2.69–4.35] | <0.001 |
| IBD type | ||||
| CD | Reference | Reference | ||
| UC/IBD-U | 1.23 [0.93–1.64] | 0.15 | 1.10 [0.91–1.32] | 0.32 |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 2.99 [2.09–4.28] | <0.001 | 1.87 [1.37–2.53] | <0.001 |
| Anti-TNF mono [no IMM] | 0.54 [0.34–0.86] | 0.0098 | 0.71 [0.60–0.83] | <0.001 |
| Anti-TNF combo [with IMM] | 1.14 [0.59–2.21] | 0.69 | 0.97 [0.76–1.25] | 0.84 |
| IMM mono [without anti-TNF] | 1.16 [0.72–1.88] | 0.54 | 1.06 [0.84–1.34] | 0.62 |
| Mesalamine/sulfasalazine | 1.18 [0.84–1.65] | 0.33 | 1.12 [0.86–1.45] | 0.42 |
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CD, Crohn’s disease; GEE, generalized estimating equation; IBD-U, IBD-unclassified; IMM, immunomodulator; PGA, physician global assessment; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; UC, ulcerative colitis
1Age, sex, comorbidities, IBD type, corticosteroids, anti-TNF monotherapy, anti-TNF combination therapy, immunomodulator monotherapy and 5ASA included a priori based on clinical relevance; only body mass index [BMI] changed estimate for PGA by ≥10% [for outcome of ICU/ventilation/death only] – included in sensitivity analysis only due to large percentage of missing data.
2In total, 114 observations missing, 240 events.
3Sensitivity analysis including BMI: 998 observations missing, 175 events, aOR for moderate PGA – 1.20 [95% CI 0.84–1.73], aOR for severe PGA – 1.46 [95% CI 0.73–2.92].
4In total, 114 observations missing, 912 events.