Table 5.
Factors associated with levels of mental health outcomes among participating GPs recruited on May 2020. Multivariate linear regression beta coefficients (together with 95% CI) are reported.
| Anxiety (n = 200) | Depression (n = 196) | Burnout (n = 193) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exhaustion | Efficacy | Cynicism | ||||
| BLOCK 1 Personal characteristics | Gender (“female” vs. “male”) | 0.099 (−0.706, 3.759) | 0.147* (0.037, 2.648) | 0.201** (0.180, 1.079) | ||
| Years of professional experience (>20 vs. ≤20) | −0.217** (−5.662, −1.127) | −0.174* (−2.942, −0.287) | −0.115 (−0.820, 0.093) | 0.172** (0.076, 0.756) | −0.160* (−678, −0.049) | |
| Personal condition related to COVID-19 (“quarantined/admitted” vs. “No”) | 0.157* (0.483, 6.472) | 0.238*** (1.390, 4.929) | 0.252*** (0.537, 1.771) | 0.196** (0.189, 1.102) | ||
| BLOCK 2 Practice organization pre-COVID-19 | Location of the clinic (“Verona” vs. “village/ town”) | −0.190** (−5.716, −0.917) | −0.203** (−3.538, −0.670) | −0.175** (−1.113, −0.122) | ||
| BLOCK 3 Information and training received for COVID-19 | Updates on COVID-19 needed (“twice a week or less” vs. “daily”) | −0.248*** (−6.582, −1.939) | −0.184** (−1.125, −0.157) | |||
| Training received in telephone triage (“Yes” vs. “No”) | −0.075 (−3.875, 1.216) | |||||
| Training received in handling COVID-19 outbreak (“Yes” vs. “No”) | −0.123 (−4.095, 0.299) | −0.158* (−0.930, −0.060) | ||||
| Capable of diagnosing COVID-19 (“Yes” vs. “No”) | 0.279*** (0.361, 1.055) | |||||
| BLOCK 4 Changes in practice due to COVID-19 | Longer waiting time for labs and investigations (“Yes” vs. “No”) | 0.163* (0.243, 2.744) | 0.196** (0.186, 1.044) | |||
| Increase of telephone consultations (“Yes” vs. “No”) | 0.140* (0.024, 9.396) | 0.219** (1.625, 7.050) | 0.182** (0.294, 2.161) | 0.179** (0.186, 1.549) |
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; associations with poorer mental health outcomes are highlighted in red, whereas significant associations with better mental health outcomes are highlighted in green.