Table 4.
Risk Factors for Undiagnosed Diabetes, England 2012
| Undiagnosed Diabetes (n = 588) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ORa | 95% CI | p | |
| Age (y)b | 1.053 | 1.017, 1.090 | .004 |
| Female sex | 1.385 | 0.837, 2.291 | .205 |
| No educational qualifications | 1.002 | 0.577, 1.742 | .994 |
| Ethnicity non-white | 3.397 | 1.398, 8.254 | .007 |
| Live with a partner | 0.767 | 0.453, 1.298 | .322 |
| Total wealthc | 1.055 | 0.869, 1.279 | .590 |
| Manual social class | 1.981 | 1.205, 3.257 | .007 |
| Obesity | |||
| High BMI and waist circumference | 1.085 | 0.591, 1.992 | .794 |
| High BMI or waist circumference | 0.865 | 0.444, 1.684 | .670 |
| SBP (mm Hg)b | 0.985 | 0.968, 1.003 | .101 |
| DBP (mm Hg)b | 1.077 | 1.045, 1.111 | <.001 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L)b | 0.811 | 0.649, 1.014 | .067 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L)b | 2.307 | 1.818, 2.926 | <.001 |
| Current smoker | 1.428 | 0.636, 3.204 | .388 |
| Cognitive functionb | 0.989 | 0.920, 1.063 | .763 |
| Hypertension | 0.665 | 0.409, 1.082 | .100 |
| CVD | 1.625 | 0.970, 2.721 | .065 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.656 | 0.411, 1.046 | .077 |
| CES-D scores ≥ 4 | 0.356 | 0.170, 0.745 | .006 |
Notes: BMI = body mass index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; CVD = cardiovascular disease; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; OR = odds ratio; SBP = systolic blood pressure.
aUnweighted odds ratio.
bPer 1 unit increase.
cFrom lowest quintile to richest quintile.