Table 2. Comparison of group characteristics and changes in values during the 13-week study period.
| Non-LS | LS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔACE-R score ≤ 0 | ΔACE-R score > 0 | ΔACE-R score ≤ 0 | ΔACE-R score > 0 | |
| N (% men) | 24 (20.83%) | 23 (26.09%) | 13 (7.69%) | 10 (20.00%) |
| Age (y) | 74.46 (4.81) | 73.39 (5.48) | 74.62 (4.31) | 78.50 (5.87) |
| Years of education (y) | 12.13 (2.47) | 12.74 (2.18) | 12.31 (2.32) | 11.50 (2.55) |
| ΔBMI (kg/m2) | −0.19 (0.48) | −0.29 (0.29) | −0.22 (0.57) | −0.32 (0.53) |
| ΔSMI (kg/m2) | 0.13 (0.15) | 0.09 (0.12) | 0.05 (0.13) | 0.07 (0.16) |
| ΔGDS-15 (points) | −0.54 (1.14) | −0.17 (2.08) | −0.92 (2.25) | −0.50 (1.27) |
| ΔACE-R score (points) | −3.33 (3.27) | 3.09 (1.90)† | −3.92 (3.62) | 4.30 (2.87)‡ |
| ΔLocomo 25 score (points) | 1.88 (6.44) | 0.48 (2.33) | 2.15 (9.10) | −1.50 (8.36) |
| Ex (METs · h/day) | 2.56 (1.31) | 2.87 (1.36) | 1.72 (0.71) | 2.98 (1.49)‡ |
Notes:
All values are shown as mean (standard deviation) or prevalence (percentage).
†
p < 0.05 (vs. ACE-R score ≤ 0 in the non-LS group).
‡
p < 0.05 (vs. ACE-R score ≤ 0 in the LS group).
Non-LS, Non-locomotive syndrome; LS, Locomotive syndrome; Δ, Change from baseline to 13 weeks; BMI, Body mass index; SMI, Skeletal muscle mass index; GDS-15, Geriatric Depression Scale-15; ACE-R, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised; Ex, Daily exercise for 13 weeks; METs, Metabolic equivalents of task.