FIG 1.

Echinocandins elicited an increase in the PTV in mice trachea. (A, C, and E) Caspofungin (60 μM), anidulafungin (44 μM), or micafungin (50 μM) rapidly induced a sustained elevation in the PTV that reached up to 200% of the basal PTV of control tracheae. Only experiments responding to ATP (100 μM) at the end of the exposure period were included for further statistical evaluation. (B) A dose-response curve presents the effects of caspofungin on the PTV. Using the Hill equation, EC₅₀ was estimated at 13.4 μM. (C) Anidulafungin rapidly triggered an increase in the PTV, reaching more than 200% of the basal PTV under control conditions. (D) A dose-response curve presents the concentration-dependent effect of anidulafungin on the PTV following a Hill equation EC₅₀ value of 6.5 μM. (E) Micafungin induced an increase in the PTV that seemed rather transient compared to that of caspofungin or anidulafungin; the maximum response reached more than 170% of the initial basal PTV. (F) The micafungin response occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. The Hill equation EC₅₀ value for micafungin was estimated as 7.4 μM. In all panels, the PTV of the initial recording time point was normalized to 100%. Recordings show mean ± standard error of the mean values for individual time points. o, control; Δ, caspofungin; ■, anidulafungin; ♦, micafungin; horizontal bars in experimental recordings present exposure periods of defined pharmacological agents; time scale bars are present in all individual panels.