Fig. 6.

NorUDCA shows similar impacts on CD8⁺ T cell proteomic profile and reduces mitoribosome protein abundance in CD8⁺ T cells compared to rapamycin.

(A) Scheme depicting the experimental approach. (B) Hierarchical cluster analysis of differentially regulated proteins under indicated conditions are shown in the heat map represented color-coded expression levels following Log₂ value of ratio between protein content of NorUDCA- or rapamycin-treated CD8⁺ T cells and that of untreated-cells (n = 3). (C) Venn diagrams display the overlap of identified proteins between NorUDCA- and rapamycin-treated groups. (D) Heat map of mitoribosome protein abundance changes upon NorUDCA or rapamycin treatment (both normalized to untreated group) of CD8⁺ T cells cultured as in (A). Data were obtained from proteomics analysis using biological replicates from 3 independent experiments. Asterisks next to protein labeling represent significance of comparison between NorUDCA and untreated groups. Data show the summary of 3 independent experiments. p values in (D) were calculated among the comparison between untreated- and NorUDCA-treated groups by two-way ANOVA. ∗p <0.05, ∗∗p <0.01. NorUDCA, 24-norursodeoxycholic acid; Rapa, rapamycin.