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Membrane integrity and PEC activation. PEC activation may also play a role in basement membrane integrity, as increased permeability facilitates the passage of circulating or interstitial signals that can reach PECs (a). Membrane ruptures will not only facilitate signals but also translocation of immune cells to reach out and have direct interactions with PECs and other glomerular cells (i.e. podocytes) (b). GBM, glomerular basement membrane; BC, Bowman’s capsule
