Table 5.
Agrochemicals (insecticides, herbicides, and other fungicides) used to regulate the activity of crop pests under a sustainable agriculture approach
| Chemical | Trade manufacture company | Nanocomposites used | Crop | Target | Key references |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insecticides | |||||
| Inorganic | |||||
| Chlorpyrifos | Dow Chemical Company | PVC | G. hirustum L. | Aphis gossypii, Spodoptera frugiperda, and Lygus lineolaris | [227] |
| Dow AgroSciences | Chitosan/PLA | Solanum melongena L. | Pseudococcidae | [228] | |
| Chlorfenapyr | Super Bio Tech Marketing Company | Silica | Brassica rapa | Helicoverpa armigera | [94] |
| Avermectin | Super Bio Tech Marketing Company | Polystyrene nanoparticles (PHSN) | G. hirustum L. | Tetranychus urticae | [229] |
| Super Bio Tech Marketing Company | Polydopamine | Brassica oleraceae | Thysanoptera | [230] | |
| Azadirachtin | Ecobiocides & Botanicals Pvt Ltd | Chitosan | Ricinus communis L. | Spodoptera litura | [231] |
| Deltamethrin | Crop Chemicals India Limited | Chitosan-coated beeswax SLN (Solid–liquid nanoparticles) | G. hirustum L., S. lycopersicum L. | Helicoverpa zea, Leucinodes orbonalis | [185] |
| Imidacloprid | Chemet Wets & Flows Pvt. Ltd | Sodium alginate | Nicotiana tobacum L. | Cicadellidae | [232] |
| Geraniol | Otto Chemie Pvt Ltd | Chitosan/Gum Arabic | G. hirustum L. | Bemisia tabaci | [233] |
| Nicotine | Alchem International Pvt. Ltd | Chitosan/TPP | S. lycopersicum L. | Musca domestica | [234] |
| Organic | |||||
| Garlic essential oil | Arishtha Organics Pvt | PEG | O. sativa L. | Tribolium castaneum | [235] |
| A. arborescens L. essential oil | Priority Biocidal, LLC | SLN | S. lycopersicum L. | Sitophilus zeamais | [236] |
| Nanopermethrin | Jerobin J (Hamad medical corporation) | PEG | – | Culex quinquefasciatus | [237] |
| Geranium essential oils | India aroma oils and company | PEG | T. aestivum L. | Rhyzopertha dominica | [238] |
| Citrus peel essential oil | India aroma oils and company | PEG | S. lycopersicum L. | Tuta absoluta | [239] |
| Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil | Rosemary essential oil manufacturers & oem manufacturers India | PEG | O. sativa L. | Tribolium castaneum | [240] |
| Herbicides | |||||
| Paraquat | Syngenta | Montmorillonite | G. max L. | Plantago lanceolata L | [241] |
| Syngenta | Chitosan/tripolyphosphate | Brassica rapa L. | Soil sorption microalga | [242] | |
| Atrazine | Syngenta | Poly(ε-caprolactone) | S. bicolor L. | Stellaria media L., Trifolium repens L., Lamium amplexicaule L | [63] |
| SLN | Brassica napus | Raphanus raphanistrum L | |||
| Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) | Solanum tuberosum L. | Croton setigerus L., Oxalis corniculata L | |||
| Imazapic, Imazapyr | Avansagro chemicals shanghai limited | Alginate/chitosanChitosan/tripolyphosphate | A. cepa L. | B. pilosa L | [243] |
| Diuron | Adama Agan Ltd | Chitosan | Z. mays L. | Echinochloa crus-galli L. Beauv | [241] |
| 2,4-D | FirmLimited Company | Nanosized rice husk | T. repens L., Stellaria media L | ||
| Fungicides | |||||
| Tebuconazole | Super bio tech | PVP and PVP copolymer | Pinus taeda L. | Gloeophyllum trabeum | [244] |
| Bacterial ghosts | T. aestivum L., H. vulgare L. and Cucumis sativus L. | Erysiphe graminis and Sphaerotheca fuliginea | |||
| Super bio tech | Polymeric and SLN | P. vulgaris L. | A. niger | [11] | |
| Chlorothalonil | Rallis india limited | PVP and PVP copolymer | Pinus taeda L. | Gloeophyllum trabeum | [244] |
| Kathon 930 | Rohm and haas company | PVC | Betula alleghaniensis Britt | Trametes versicolor | [245] |
| Validamycin | Indochem agri science private limited | PHSN | S. tuberosum L. | R. solani | [246] |
| Pyraclostrobin | Shijiazhuangdailunchemical co. Ltd | Chitosan–PLA graft copolymer | Abelmoschus esculentus L. | Colletotrichum gossypii | [247] |
| Chitosan/MSN | S. lycopersicum L. | Puccinia asparagi | [248] | ||
| Ferbam | Loveland Products Canada Inc | Gold | Camellia sinensis | Pythium aphanidermatum | [249] |
| Carbendazim | Chemet Wets & Flows Pvt. Ltd | Chitosan/Pectin | Z. mays L. | F. oxysporum | [250] |
| Prochloraz | Lanfeng biochemical co., Ltd | PHSN | C. sativus L. | B. cinerea | [251] |