Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of sample characteristics
| Wave 1 data (N = 6626) | Wave 2 data (N = 6626) | Wave 1 vs. Wave 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full | Non-CEs (N = 4358) | CEs (N = 2268) | Non-CEs vs. CEs | Full | Non-CEs (N = 4010) | CEs (N = 2616) | Non-CEs vs. CEs | ||
| Variables | % | % | % | t test | % | % | % | t test | Paired t test |
| Depression symptom score (M, SE) | 5.04 (0.05) | 4.95 (0.05) | 5.21 (0.06) | 2.41 (p = 0.02) | 5.04 (0.06) | 5.02 (0.06) | 5.06 (0.06) | ||
| Social participation score (M, SE) | 10.82 (0.05) | 10.81 (0.05) | 10.85 (0.05) | 9.15 (0.05) | 8.95 (0.05) | 9.44 (0.04) | 5.27 (p < 0.001) | ||
| Carer status | 36.3 | 41.7 | |||||||
| Care recipient in same house as carer | 8.5 | 0 | 22.2 | 11.1 | 0 | 25.1 | 4.87 (p < 0.001) | ||
| Age (M, SE) | 53.87 (0.08) | 54.24 (0.08) | 53.21 (0.07) | − 6.37 (p < 0.001) | 58.07 (0.08) | 58.74 (0.08) | 57.14 (0.07) | − 10.24 (p < 0.001) | |
| Sex (female) | 46.6 | 44.2 | 50.7 | 5.14 (p < 0.001) | 46.6 | 44.2 | 50.7 | 5.27 (p < 0.001) | |
| Education | |||||||||
| Secondary and below | 33.7 | 35.2 | 31.1 | − 3.48 (p = 0.001) | 33.8 | 35.8 | 30.9 | − 4.08 (p < 0.001) | |
| Some sort of post-secondary | 25 | 23.5 | 27.5 | 3.69 (p < 0.001) | 24.9 | 24.2 | 26 | 1.69 (p = 0.09) | |
| Bachelor’s or above | 41.3 | 41.3 | 41.4 | 41.3 | 40 | 43.1 | 2.43 (p = 0.01) | ||
| Household income | |||||||||
| Less than $20,000 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.2 | − 3.11 (p = 0.002) | ||
| $20,000–$49,999 | 13.4 | 14.8 | 11.1 | − 4.07 (p < 0.001) | 14.4 | 15.7 | 12.5 | − 3.62 (p < 0.001) | |
| $50,000–$99,999 | 35.5 | 35.1 | 36.2 | 31.5 | 32.0 | 30.9 | − 4.49 (p < 0.001) | ||
| $100,000–$149,999 | 25.9 | 24.4 | 28.5 | 3.57 (p < 0.001) | 25.9 | 25.4 | 26.6 | ||
| $150,000 or more | 23.0 | 23.3 | 22.5 | 26.3 | 24.5 | 28.7 | 3.74 (p < 0.001) | 4.21 (p < 0.001) | |
| Work status | |||||||||
| More than 30 h a week | 82.3 | 82 | 82.9 | 73.2 | 73.1 | 73.3 | 9.66 (p < 0.001) | ||
| Between 20 and 30 h a week | 10 | 10.3 | 9.5 | 11.7 | 10.4 | 13.5 | 3.35 (p = 0.001) | ||
| Less than 20 h a week | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 15.2 | 16.6 | 13.3 | − 3.67 (p < 0.001) | 10.16 (p < 0.001) | |
| Perceived health (favourable) | 64 | 63.8 | 64.4 | 60.8 | 60.1 | 61.9 | |||
| Access to health care | |||||||||
| Family doctor access | 84.9 | 84.7 | 85.4 | 86.4 | 86.1 | 86.7 | |||
| Medical specialist access | 39.1 | 39 | 39.2 | 49.5 | 50.5 | 48.1 | − 1.87 (p = 0.06) | 12.01 (p < 0.001) | |
| Dentist access | 84 | 83.6 | 84.8 | 87.1 | 86.7 | 87.8 | 7.93 (p < 0.001) | ||
| Psychologist/social worker access | 7.2 | 6.6 | 8.2 | 2.49 (p = 0.01) | 8.1 | 7.4 | 9 | 2.35 (p = 0.02) | |