Table 3.
Multivariate linear regression on depressive symptom scores
| Wave 1 data (N = 6626) | Wave 2 data (N = 6626) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-CEs (N = 4358) | CEs (N = 2268) | Full (N = 6626) | Non-CEs (N = 4010) | CEs (N = 2616) | Full (N = 6626) | |
| Coef. (SE) | Coef. (SE) | Coef. (SE) | Coef. (SE) | Coef. (SE) | Coef. (SE) | |
| Social participation | − 0.11 (0.02)*** | − 0.14 (0.03)*** | − 0.11 (0.02)*** | − 0.09 (0.02)*** | − 0.15 (0.02)*** | − 0.09 (0.02)*** |
| Carer-employees | 0.62 (0.3)** | 0.63 (0.28)** | ||||
| Social participation × carer-employees | − 0.04 (0.03) | − 0.06 (0.03)** | ||||
| Carer recipient in same house | − 0.46 (0.22)** | − 0.37 (0.21)* | 0.16 (0.18) | 0.18 (0.18) | ||
| Age | − 0.05 (0.01)*** | − 0.02 (0.02) | − 0.04 (0.01)*** | − 0.04 (0.01)*** | − 0.03 (0.02)** | − 0.03 (0.01)*** |
| Sex (female) | 0.57 (0.13)*** | 0.69 (0.19)*** | 0.62 (0.11)*** | 0.76 (0.14)*** | 0.73 (0.16)*** | 0.74 (0.1)*** |
| Immigrant | − 0.21 (0.17) | 0.12 (0.28) | − 0.11 (0.15) | 0.35 (0.18)** | 0.01 (0.25) | 0.24 (0.14) |
| Household income (ref: $150,000 or more) | ||||||
| $100,000–$149,999 | 0.19 (0.19) | 0.03 (0.27) | 0.13 (0.15) | 0.1 (0.19) | 0.08 (0.22) | 0.09 (0.14) |
| $50,000–$99,999 | 0.49 (0.18)*** | 0.67 (0.27)** | 0.56 (0.15)*** | 0.67 (0.19)*** | 0.55 (0.22)** | 0.61 (0.15)*** |
| $20,000–$49,999 | 0.99 (0.23)*** | 1.31 (0.39)** | 1.09 (0.2)*** | 1.28 (0.25)*** | 1.38 (0.3)*** | 1.3 (0.2)*** |
| Less than $20,000 | 2.84 (0.46)*** | 1.7 (0.96)* | 2.54 (0.44)*** | 3.76 (0.51)*** | 1.47 (0.74)** | 3.09 (0.43)*** |
| Education: (ref: ≤ secondary) | ||||||
| Some sort of post-secondary | 0.22 (0.17) | 0.15 (0.24) | 0.19 (0.14) | 0.47 (0.17)** | − 0.23 (0.21) | 0.18 (0.13) |
| Bachelor’s or above | 0.28 (0.16) | 0.35 (0.23) | 0.3 (0.13)** | 0.1 (0.17) | − 0.08 (0.2) | 0.03 (0.13) |
| Work status: (ref: more than 30 h) | ||||||
| 20–30 h worked | 0.53 (0.24)** | 0.25 (0.35) | 0.44 (0.19)** | 0.36 (0.23) | 0.01 (0.25) | 0.18 (0.17) |
| <20 h worked | 0.51 (0.3) | 0.33 (0.4) | 0.46 (0.24) | 0.13 (0.21) | 0.06 (0.28) | 0.1 (0.17) |
| General health (favourable) | − 1.78 (0.13)*** | − 1.89 (0.19)*** | − 1.82 (0.11)*** | − 2.22 (0.14)*** | − 2.13 (0.17)*** | − 2.18 (0.11)*** |
| Family doctor access | 0.29 (0.18) | 0.53 (0.26)** | 0.38 (0.15)** | 0.22 (0.19) | 0.62 (0.23)*** | 0.38 (0.15)*** |
| Medical specialist access | 0.52 (0.13)*** | 0.5 (0.19)** | 0.5 (0.11)*** | 0.1 (0.13) | 0.71 (0.16)*** | 0.36 (0.1)*** |
| Dentist access | 0.15 (0.17) | − 0.29 (0.26) | − 0.01 (0.14) | 0.23 (0.25) | − 0.39 (0.26) | − 0.04 (0.18) |
| Psychologist or social worker access | 1.98 (0.25)*** | 1.53 (0.34)*** | 1.78 (0.2)*** | 2.08 (0.25)*** | 2.68 (0.27)*** | 2.37 (0.18)*** |
| R2 (%) | 12.8 | 14.0 | 13.5 | 12.9 | 13.8 | 14.2 |
Significant level: ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1