Table 4.
Sensitivity analysis: multivariate linear regression on depressive symptom scores
| Wave 1 data (N = 5812) | Wave 2 data (N = 5584) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-CEs (N = 3544) | CEs (N = 2268) | Full | Non-CEs (N = 2968) | CEs (N = 2616) | Full | |
| Coef. (std. err.) | Coef. (std. err.) | Coef. (std. err.) | Coef. (std. err.) | Coef. (std. err.) | Coef. (std. err.) | |
| Social participation | − 0.15 (0.02)*** | − 0.14 (0.03)*** | − 0.14 (0.02)*** | − 0.09 (0.02)*** | − 0.15 (0.02)*** | − 0.09 (0.02)*** |
| Carer-employees | 0.47 (0.32) | 0.68 (0.29)** | ||||
| Social participation × carer-employees | − 0.01 (0.03) | − 0.06 (0.03)** | ||||
| Carer recipient in same house | − 0.46 (0.22)** | − 0.39 (0.21)* | 0.16 (0.18) | 0.2 (0.18) | ||
| Age | − 0.06 (0.01)*** | − 0.02 (0.02) | − 0.04 (0.01)*** | − 0.05 (0.01)*** | − 0.03 (0.02)** | − 0.04 (0.01)*** |
| Sex (female) | 0.49 (0.14)*** | 0.69 (0.19)*** | 0.58 (0.12)*** | 0.84 (0.16)*** | 0.73 (0.16)*** | 0.77 (0.11)*** |
| Immigrant | − 0.21 (0.19) | 0.12 (0.28) | − 0.1 (0.16) | 0.42 (0.2)** | 0.01 (0.25) | 0.26 (0.16) |
| Household income (ref: $150,000 or more) | ||||||
| $100,000–$149,999 | − 1.37 (0.55)** | − 0.4 (1.04) | − 1.03 (0.52)* | − 2.71 (0.69)*** | − 0.09 (0.75) | − 1.59 (0.53)*** |
| $50,000–$99,999 | − 2.08 (0.54)*** | − 1.03 (0.95) | − 1.7 (0.51)*** | − 3.49 (0.67)*** | − 0.91 (0.73) | − 2.4 (0.51)*** |
| $20,000–$49,999 | − 2.38 (0.55)*** | − 1.67 (0.97)* | − 2.15 (0.52)*** | − 3.72 (0.69)*** | − 1.38 (0.74)* | − 2.74 (0.52)*** |
| Less than $20,000 | − 2.26 (0.56)*** | − 1.7 (0.96)* | − 2.08 (0.52)*** | − 4.23 (0.7)*** | − 1.47 (0.74)** | − 3.03 (0.53)*** |
| Education: (ref: ≤ secondary) | ||||||
| Some sort of post-secondary | 0.08 (0.19) | 0.15 (0.24) | 0.12 (0.15) | 0.38 (0.2)* | − 0.23 (0.21) | 0.08 (0.14) |
| Bachelor’s or above | 0.26 (0.17) | 0.35 (0.23) | 0.3 (0.14)** | 0.16 (0.19) | − 0.08 (0.2) | 0.05 (0.14) |
| Work status: (ref: more than 30 h) | ||||||
| 20–30 h worked | 0.52 (0.27) | 0.25 (0.35) | 0.41 (0.21)* | 0.28 (0.28) | 0.01 (0.25) | 0.12 (0.19) |
| <20 h worked | 0.77 (0.33)*** | 0.33 (0.4) | 0.59 (0.24) | 0.14 (0.25) | 0.06 (0.28) | 0.12 (0.19) |
| General health (favourable) | − 1.67 (0.15)*** | − 1.89 (0.19)*** | − 1.77 (0.12)*** | − 2.11 (0.16)*** | − 2.13 (0.17)*** | − 2.11 (0.11)*** |
| Family doctor access | 0.38 (0.2)* | 0.53 (0.26)** | 0.45 (0.16)*** | 0.3 (0.22) | 0.62 (0.23)*** | 0.45 (0.16)*** |
| Medical specialist access | 0.49 (0.14)*** | 0.5 (0.19)** | 0.48 (0.12)*** | − 0.01 (0.15) | 0.71 (0.16)*** | 0.34 (0.11)*** |
| Dentist access | 0.35 (0.19)* | − 0.29 (0.26) | 0.09 (0.15) | 0.22 (0.31) | − 0.39 (0.26) | − 0.08 (0.19) |
| Psychologist or social worker access | 2.25 (0.27)*** | 1.53 (0.34)*** | 1.91 (0.21)*** | 1.89 (0.29)*** | 2.68 (0.27)*** | 2.35 (0.2)*** |
| R2 | 11.40 | 9.15 | 10.08 | 12.7 | 15.75 | 13.73 |
Participants who cared for ‘other’ people (other relative, friend, neighbour, or other) were dropped from the sample
Significant level: ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1