Table 3.

Multiplex detection of tuberculosis biomarkers

Biomarkers measured	Technique used	Detection limit (pg/mL)	Linear range (pg/mL)	References
IFN-γ, IP-10, MIG, IL-2, and TNF-α	Multiplex assay	IFN-γ: 1.6 IP-10: 6 MIG: 0.9 IL-2: 16.4 TNF-α: 3.2	-	[80]
IL-5, TNF-α, IL-10, VEGF, and IL-2/IFN-γ	Multiplex assay	-	-	[81]
IL-8, VEGF, MCP-3, IP-10, MIP-1α, and IL-2Rα	Multiplex assay	-	-	[82]
IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α	Immunosensor	1.6	1.6–200	[83]
VEGF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α	Aptasensor	5	VEGF: 5–300 IFN-γ: 5–300 TNF-α: 5–200	[84]
IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ	Microfluidic biosensor	TNF-α: 11.43 IFN-γ: 6.46 IL-2: 20.56 IL-4: 4.60 IL-6: 11.29 IL-10: 10.97	10–10,000	[85]