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. 2021 Oct 5;8:724254. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.724254

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Copyright © 2021 Ferrari, Albricker, Gonçalves and Freire.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Schistosome life cycle. (B) Enlarged liver and spleen in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. (C) Endoscopic aspect of esophageal varices. (D) Collateral venous circulation. (E) Pulmonary vascular remodeling in schistosome-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. (F) Right-heart strain (cross section of the heart). IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TGF, transforming growth factor; Echo, echocardiography; Cath, right-heart catheterization.