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Scatter plot of the causal effect of osteoarthritis on social isolation. The plot presents the effect sizes of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-osteoarthritis association (x-axis, standard deviation units) and the SNP-social isolation association (y-axis, log (odds ratio)) with 95% confidence intervals. The regression slopes of the lines correspond to causal estimates using the three Mendelian randomization methods.
