Table 3.

Causal Effect of Social Isolation on Osteoarthritis

Methods	β	SE	OR (95% CI)
IVW method	0.180	0.045	1.197 (1.096–1.308)
Weighted median estimator	0.160	0.058	1.174 (1.047–1.316)
MR-Egger regression	0.565	0.250	1.759 (1.078–2.870)

Abbreviations: SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IVW, inverse-variance weighted; MR, Mendelian randomization.