Table 4.
Anticipated living arrangement for the oldest old (multivariate logistic regression).
| Independent variables | Living alone or with spouse but children living nearby | Co–residence with children | Living in LTC institutions | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | OR (95% CI) | β | OR (95% CI) | β | OR (95% CI) | |
| PREDISPOSING FACTORS | ||||||
|
Age (Ref. Aged 80–89) | ||||||
| Aged 90–99 | 0.320 | 1.377* (1.052, 1.801) |
1.007 | 2.738*** (2.128, 3.524) |
1.222 | 3.394*** (2.004, 5.749) |
| Aged ≥100 | 0.232 | 1.261 (0.832, 1.910) |
1.165 | 3.206*** (2.185, 4.705) |
1.035 | 2.815** (1.288, 6.153) |
|
Gender (Ref. Male) | ||||||
| Female | 0.192 | 1.211 (0.934, 1.571) |
0.646 | 1.907*** (1.491, 2.440) |
−0.194 | 0.824 (0.475, 1.428) |
|
Residence (Ref. Urban) | ||||||
| Rural | 0.020 | 1.020 (0.807, 1.289) |
−0.072 | 0.931 (0.746, 1.162) |
−0.158 | 0.854 (0.514, 1.419) |
|
Years of schooling (Ref. 0) | ||||||
| 1–6 | −0.163 | 0.850 (0.645, 1.120) |
−0.254 | 0.776 (0.596, 1.009) |
−0.138 | 0.871 (0.484,1.565) |
| ≥7 | −0.442 | 0.643* (0.421, 0.981) |
−0.409 | 0.664* (0.446, 0.989) |
−0.498 | 0.608 (0.238, 1.555) |
| ENABLING FACTORS | ||||||
|
Housing property rights (Ref. Owned) | ||||||
| Rented | −0.413 | 0.662 (0.379, 1.156) |
−0.687 | 0.503* (0.296, 0.856) |
0.359 | 1.432 (0.487, 4.212) |
| Others | −0.195 | 0.823 (0.469, 1.444) |
−0.396 | 0.673 (0.394, 1.149) |
2.773 | 16.012*** (8.302, 30.882) |
|
Number of children (Ref. 0) | ||||||
| 1–2 | 0.210 | 1.234 (0.493, 3.087) |
−0.079 | 0.924 (0.409, 2.090) |
−2.125 | 0.119*** (0.043, 0.333) |
| ≥3 | 0.474 | 1.606 (0.670, 3.851) |
0.038 | 1.038 (0.478, 2.255) |
−2.503 | 0.082*** (0.033, 0.202) |
|
Economic status (Ref. Poor) | ||||||
| Fair | 0.285 | 1.330 (0.911, 1.943) |
0.100 | 1.105 (0.777, 1.571) |
−0.659 | 0.517* (0.273, 0.982) |
| Rich | 0.345 | 1.412 (0.888, 2.245) |
0.378 | 1.459 (0.948, 2.248) |
−0.358 | 0.699 (0.292, 1.674) |
| NEED FACTORS | ||||||
|
Self-rated health (Ref. Bad) | ||||||
| Fair | 0.361 | 1.434 (0.989, 2.081) |
0.080 | 1.083 (0.766, 1.533) |
−0.218 | 0.804 (0.415, 1.558) |
| Good | 0.228 | 1.256 (0.855, 1.845) |
−0.077 | 0.926 (0.647, 1.325) |
−0.455 | 0.635 (0.307, 1.310) |
|
Feel lonely and isolated (Ref. Always/Often) | ||||||
| Sometimes | 0.332 | 1.394 (0.873, 2.225) |
0.232 | 1.261 (0.811, 1.961) |
0.004 | 1.004 (0.438, 2.301) |
| Seldom/Never | 0.007 | 1.007 (0.650, 1.560) |
0.127 | 1.135 (0.753, 1.712) |
−0.304 | 0.738 (0.334, 1.629) |
|
ADLs (Ref. Strongly limited) | ||||||
| Limited | −0.473 | 0.623 (0.381, 1.019) |
−0.691 | 0.501** (0.314, 0.798) |
−0.283 | 0.753 (0.338, 1.681) |
| Not limited | −0.708 | 0.493** (0.308, 0.788) |
−0.955 | 0.385*** (0.247, 0.601) |
−0.717 | 0.488 (0.224, 1.065) |
N = 4,189. Taking “living alone or with spouse no matter how far children live” as reference, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. β represents partial regression coefficient; 95% confidence intervals in brackets;
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001.