Agent-based model	A computational model where the behavior of the system is determined by the actions and the interaction of the individual elements of the system.
Cellular automata	An abstract computational system used to general complex discrete patterns starting from simple units, called “cells” or “atoms.” The cells exist over a grid, representing the two-dimensional space over which the cells can move. Each cell possesses a state defining its current properties which can evolve according to some pre-defined rules.
Deep learning	A branch of machine learning concerned with the use of artificial neural network composed of several layers of complexity.
Eulerian	A coordinate system where particles are not observed independently but instead considered as a uniform fluid whose properties evolves as a function of time and space. This approach requires restricting the environment into a defined space by imposing boundary lines, and observing the motion of particles inside the space according to the laws of fluids motion.
Feedback-loop	A portion of a system where the output of an element of the system is used as input of the same element for future operations.
Formal grammar	An abstract structure that describes a formal language in a rigorous way, by setting the mathematical rules that defined the generation of complex symbols starting from a simple alphabet.
Lagrangian	A coordinates system where the motion of each particle is followed independently. The position and velocity of each particle and its reaction toward the environment is observed at each time point.
Lattice	A graph of interconnected vertices embedded into the Euclidean plane forming a regular tiling resembling a grid of points.
Mesh	In solid modeling, a mesh is a way to represent a polyhedral object using a set of vertices, edges, and faces.
Remeshing	The process of changing the structure of a mesh by completely redefining its topology or by modifying individual elements.
Steepest descent minimization	An iterative optimization algorithm used to find a local minimum of a differentiable function.
Topology	A branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of geometric objects and their deformations.
Viscoelastic	A material that can behave both elastically (returning to its original state after deformation) or plastically (partially conserving the state achieved after deformation).
Voronoi	A diagram obtained by subdividing a Euclidean plane into convex polygons using a set of generating points such that each polygon contains exactly one generating point and every point in a given polygon is closer to its generating point than to any other.
Yield	In mechanics, the yield point indicates the limit on a stress–strain curve above which we observe the end of elastic behavior and the onset of plastic behavior.