Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to AKI stage
| Characteristic | Total (n=3,202) | No AKI (n=1,783) | AKI stage 1 (n=1,351) | AKI stage 2/3 (n=68) | p for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 63.8±10.3 | 62.9±10.7 | 64.8±9.8 | 66.0±8.7 | < 0.001 |
| Female sex (%) | 31.4 | 36.6 | 24.6 | 28.6 | < 0.001 |
| BMI | |||||
| Normal weighta) | 68.7 | 68.4 | 69.3 | 67.6 | 0.612 |
| Underweighta) | 3.5 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 2.9 | |
| Overweighta) | 25.7 | 26.5 | 24.6 | 25.0 | |
| Obesitya) | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 4.4 | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 123.7±16.5 | 123.0±16.2 | 124.3±16.6 | 126.4±18.8 | 0.038 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.0±11.3 | 76.0±11.2 | 76.0±11.4 | 74.5±10.2 | 0.531 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 13.8 | 10.7 | 17.4 | 22.9 | < 0.001 |
| Smoking history (%) | 32.9 | 30.6 | 35.6 | 37.1 | 0.010 |
| Initial eGFR < 60 (mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) (%) | 11.0 | 7.4 | 15.4 | 16.2 | < 0.001 |
| Anemia (%) b) | 31.9 | 26.4 | 38.6 | 44.1 | < 0.001 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.1±0.6 | 9.1±0.6 | 9.0±0.6 | 8.9±0.6 | < 0.001 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 3.4±0.6 | 3.5±0.6 | 3.4±0.6 | 3.4±0.8 | < 0.001 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 138.8±3.5 | 139.0±3.2 | 138.6±3.8 | 138.7±3.5 | 0.001 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.2±0.4 | 4.2±0.4 | 4.3±0.5 | 4.2±0.5 | < 0.001 |
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 102.9±3.7 | 103.0±3.4 | 102.9±4.0 | 102.5±3.9 | 0.433 |
| Total CO 2 (mmol/L) | 26.0±3.1 | 26.2±2.9 | 25.8±3.2 | 25.5±3.4 | < 0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 4.9±1.6 | 4.8±1.5 | 5.1±1.7 | 4.9±1.8 | 0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.0±0.5 | 4.0±0.5 | 3.9±0.5 | 3.8±0.5 | < 0.001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) | 86.0±69.4 | 83.4±64.7 | 89.3±76.1 | 85.1±40.9 | 0.061 |
| CT count/yr | 4.3±3.9 | 3.7±3.6 | 5.0±4.0 | 5.3±3.8 | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±SD unless otherwise indicated. AKI, acute kidney injury; BMI, body mass index; CT, computed tomography; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hb, hemoglobin; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
a)
Underweight: BMI < 18 kg/m2, normal weight: 18 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2, overweight: 25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2, obesity: ≥ 30 kg/m2,
b)
Anemia: Hb < 12 g/dL (if female), Hb < 13 g/dL (if male).