Table 1.

Important features about the oncolytic viruses mentioned above.

Virus type	Family	Genome	Genome size	Transgene capacity	Viral immunogenicity	BBB penetration	Ref
Adenovirus	Adenoviridae	dsDNA	32kb	High	Low	–	(69, 70)
Herpes simplex virus	Herpesviridae	dsDNA	152kb	High	Low	–	(70, 71)
Parvovirus	Parvoviridae	ssDNA	5kb	Low	High	+	(70, 72)
Vaccinia virus	Poxviridae	dsDNA	190kb	High	High	–	(73, 74)
Myxoma virus	Poxviridae	dsDNA	161.8 kb	High	High	–	(74, 75)
Reovirus	Reoviridae	dsRNA	23kb	Low	Low	+	(70, 76)
Enterovirus	Picornaviridae	ss(+)RNA	7.2-8.4kb	Low	Moderate	+	(70, 77)
Measles virus	Paramyxoviridae	ss (–)RNA	16kb	Low	Moderate	–	(78, 79)
Newcastle disease virus	Paramyxoviridae	ss (–)RNA	15kb	Low	Low	+	(79, 80)
Vesicular stomatitis virus	Rhabdoviridae	ss (–)RNA	11kb	Low	Low	–	(79, 81)
Retrovirus	Retroviridae	ss(+)RNA	7–10 kb	Moderate	Low	+	(79, 82)
Zika virus	Flaviviridae	ss(+)RNA	10.7kb	Low	High	+	(79, 83, 84)
M1 virus	Togaviridae	ss(+)RNA	11.7kb	Moderate	Moderate	+	(79, 85)
Semliki Forest virus	Togaviridae	ss(+)RNA	13kb	Moderate	Moderate	+	(79, 86)
Seneca Valley virus	Picornaviridae	ss(+)RNA	7kb	Low	High	+	(70, 87)

dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; ssDNA, single-stranded DNA; dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; ss(+)RNA, positive single-stranded RNA; ss(-)RNA, negative single-stranded RNA; Transgene capacity, the maximum size of inserted foreign gene fragments, Low(<7kb), Moderate(7-10kb), High(>10kb); Viral immunogenicity, the strength of immune response to the oncolytic virus backbone and the transgene(the Low-Moderate-High comparison is based on the capacity of virus induced antibodies); BBB penetration, (+) with study validation, (-) without study validation.