FIG. 6.

Overview of opioid mediated effects in the amygdala. Central figure shows main electrophysiological presynaptic and postsynaptic effects induced by activation of mu (MOR), delta (DOR), or kappa (KOR) receptors in the basolateral/lateral amygdala (BLA), central amygdala (CEA), or intercalated nuclei (IN). Primary functional effects of receptor activation in these regions are summarized, implicating the role of amygdalar opioids in nociception, stress and anxiety-related responses, associative learning and conditioned fear, ethanol consumption or withdrawal, and opiate dependence. GLUT, glutamate.