TABLE 5.
Descriptive epidemiology and antibiograms of S. enterica Dublin outbreaks in New York and Pennsylvania, 1988 to 1995
| Date (mo/yr) | Locationa | Type of operationb | Herd census (n) | Herd morbidity rate (%) | Case fatality rate (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10/88 | N1 | Dairy beef | 225 | 22 | 60 | |
| 10/88 | P1 | Dairy beef | 303 | 18 | 2 | |
| 11/88 | N2 | Dairy beef | 300 | 4 | 17 | |
| 11/88 | P1 | Dairy beef | 249 | 80 | 18 | |
| 11/88 | N3 | Dairy beef | 450 | 2 | 12 | |
| 11/88 | N4 | Veal | 108 | 25 | 100 | |
| 11/88 | N5 | Dairy | 80 | 1 | 100 | |
| 1/89 | N3 | Dairy beef | 470 | 11 | 6 | |
| 2/89 | N2 | Dairy beef | 300 | 2 | –d | |
| 2/89 | N3 | Dairy beef | 500 | 40 | 12 | |
| 3/89 | N3 | Dairy beef | 500 | 8 | 30 | |
| 3/89 | P2 | Veal | 145 | 1 | 0 | |
| 3/89e | P3 | Veal | – | – | – | |
| 5/89 | P4 | Veal | 150 | 23 | 41 | |
| 6/89 | P2 | Veal | – | – | – | |
| 6/89 | P3 | Veal | – | – | – | |
| 8/89 | P5 | Veal | 150 | 22 | 91 | |
| 8/89 | P6 | Veal | 65 | 18 | 50 | |
| 10/89 | P3 | Veal | 58 | 7 | 0 | |
| 12/89 | N6 | Veal | – | – | – | |
| 1/90 | P7 | Dairy beef | 400 | 3 | – | |
| 5/90 | N7 | Dairy beef | 230 | 30 | 0 | |
| 7/90 | N8 | Veal | 100 | 30 | 100 | |
| 3/91 | N9 | Veal | 160 | 6 | 50 | |
| 4–5/91 | N7 | Dairy beef | 200 | 3 | 20 | |
| 9/91 | N9 | Veal | 160 | 10 | 5 | |
| 10/91 | N10 | Dairy beef | 150 | 19 | 100 | |
| 4/93 | P8 | Sheep dog | 6 Fetuses | 100 | 100 | |
| 4/93 | P9 | Veal | 400 | 19 | 33 | |
| 10/93 | N11 | Dairy beef | 150 | 7 | 70 | |
| 9/94 | N12 | Dairy | 400 | <1 | 0 | |
| 2/95 | N13 | Tiger | 2 | 100 | 0 | |
| 3/95 | N13 | Cheetah | 1 | 100 | 0 | |
| 8/95 | P10 | Heifer replacement | 80 | 13 | 40 |
| Age (wks) | Susceptibility profile |
|---|---|
| 12 | AM-(R), C-(R), GM-(S), N-(R), TE-(R), TS-(S)c |
| 11 | AM-(R), C-(R), GM-(S), N-(I), TE-(R), TS-(S) |
| 12 | AM-(R), C-(R), GM-(S), N-(I), TE-(R), TS-(S) |
| 10 | AM-(R), C-(R), GM-(S), N-(R), TE-(R), TS-(S) |
| 9–15 | AM-(R), C-(R), GM-(S), N-(R), TE-(R), TS-(S) |
| 10 | AM-(R), C-(R), GM-(S), N-(R), TE-(R), TS-(S) |
| Adult (6 yr) | AM-(R), C-(R), GM-(S), N-(R), TE-(R), TS-(S) |
| 14 | Not tested |
| Calf | AK-(R), AM-(R), CP-(R), C-(R), GM-(S), N-(R), TE-(R), TS-(R) |
| 14 | AK-(S), AM-(R), CP-(S), C-(R), GM-(S), N-(R), TE-(R), TS-(S) |
| 15 | Not tested |
| 8–10 | Not tested |
| Calf | AM-R(>32)f CP-S(2), C-R(>32), GM-S(≤1), N-R(>16), TE-R(>16), TS-S(0.25) |
| 16 | AK-S(<8), AM-R(>32), CP-S(2), C-R(>32), GM-S(≤1), N-R(>16), TE-R(>16), TS-S(≤0.12) |
| 3–16 | AM-S(0.5), CP-S(1), C-S(≤4), GM-S(≤1), N-S(≤2), TE-S(≤2), TS-S(≤0.12) |
| Calf | AM-R(>32), CP-MS(8), C-R(>32), GM-S(≤1), N-R(16), TE-R(>16), TS-S(≤0.12) |
| 7 | AM-R(>32), CP-S(2), C-R(>32), GM-S(≤1), N-R(>16), TE-R(>16), TS-S(0.25) |
| 8–10 | AM-R(>32), CP-S(2), C-R(>32), EN-S(≤0.12), GM-S(≤1), TE-R(>16), TS-S(0.12) |
| 14 | AK-S(≤8), AM-R(>32), CP-S(2), C-R(>32), GM-S(≤1), N-R(>16), TE-R(>16), TS-S(0.12) |
| 10 | AM-R(>32), CP-S(2), C-R(>32), GM-S(≤1), N-R(16), TE-R(>16), TS-S(≤0.12) |
| 10 | AM-R(>32), CP-S(2), C-R(>32), GM-S(≤1), N-R(16), TE-R(>16), TS-S(≤0.12) |
| 16 | AM-R(>32), CP-MS(8), C-R(>32), GM-S(2), N-R(>16), TE-R(>16), TS-R(2) |
| 3 | AM-R(>32), CP-MS(16), C-R(>32), GM-S(≤1), N-R(>16), TE-R(>16), TS-S(0.12) |
| 10 | AK-S(≤4), AM-R(>32), CP-S(4), C-R(>32), GM-S(≤1), N-MS(8), TE-R(>16), TS-S(≤0.12) |
| 3 | AK-S(≤4), AM-R(>32), CP-S(2), C-R(>32), GM-S(≤1), N-R(16), TE-R(>16), TS-S(≤0.12) |
| 8 | AK-S(≤8), AM-R(>32), CF-S(≤1), CP-S(≤4), C-R(>32), EN-S(≤0.25), GM-S(≤0.5), TE-R(>16), TS-S(≤0.5) |
| 9 | AK-S(≤8), AM-R(>32), CF-S(≤1), CP-S(≤4), C-R(>32), EN-S(≤0.25), GM-S(≤0.5), TE-R(>16), TS-S(≤0.5) |
| Fetus | AK-S(≤8), AM-R(>32), CF-S(≤0.5), CP-S(≤4), C-R(>32), EN-S(≤0.5), GM-S(≤0.5), TE-R(>16), TS-S(≤0.5) |
| 11 | AK-S(≤8), AM-R(>32), CF-S(≤0.5), CP-S(≤4), C-R(>32), EN-S(≤0.5), GM-S(≤0.5), TE-R(>16), TS-S(≤0.5) |
| 12 | AK-S(≤8), AM-R(>32), CF-S(≤0.5), CP-S(≤4), C-R(>32), EN-S(≤0.5), GM-S(≤0.5), TE-R(>16), TS-S(≤0.5) |
| Adult | AK-S(≤8), AM-S(0.5), CF-S(≤1), CP-S(≤4), C-R(32), EN-S(≤0.5), GM-S(≤0.5), TE-S(≤2), TS-S(≤0.5) |
| Adult | AK-S(≤8), AM-R(>32), CF-S(≤1), CP-S(8), C-R(32), EN-S(≤0.5), GM-S(≤0.5), TE-R(>16), TS-S(≤0.5) |
| Adult | Not tested |
| 8 | AK-S(≤8), AM-R(>32), CF-S(≤1), CP-S(8), C-R(32), EN-S(≤0.5), GM-S(≤0.5), TE-R(>16), TS-S(≤0.5) |
N, New York; P, Pennsylvania. For example, N1 is the first outbreak location in New York, etc.
Type of operation: dairy beef, bull calves from dairy breeds of cattle raised to between 1,000 and 1,200 pounds before going to market (usually “preconditioned” by weaning, castration, dehorning, and vaccinating before they enter the rearing facility); veal, bull calves from dairy breeds raised to the age of 12 to 14 weeks either on a milk replacer diet (hence the name “milk fed”) or on a milk diet supplemented with hay and grain; dairy, farm with calves and adult dairy breed animals that produce milk for retail sale; zoological (i.e., exotic animal, bird, or reptile collection used for exhibit and/or study); heifer replacement, contract raising of female calves from multiple farms for eventual return to original farm of origin.
Kirby-Bauer Susceptibility profile. Abbreviations: AK, amikacin; AM, ampicillin; CF, ceftiofur; CP, cephalothin; C, chloramphenicol; EN, enrofloxacin; GM, gentamicin; N, neomycin; TE, tetracycline; TS, trimethoprim-sulfadiazine; (R), resistant; (S), sensitive; (I), intermediate; (MS), moderately sensitive.
–, No data were available.
Until March 1989, the disc diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method of susceptibility testing was utilized. After this time the broth dilution MIC method was used.
Broth dilution MIC profile. “R(32)” indicates by the letter before the parentheses (i.e., R, S, MS, or I) the MIC value for that drug (i.e., resistant, sensitive, moderately sensitive, or intermediate; the number in parentheses indicates the MIC value for the drug in micrograms per milliliter.