Table 2. Patient Characteristics and COVID-19 Outcomes.
| Characteristic or outcome | No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pooled (N = 6077) | GRA (n = 3441) | SECURE-IBD (n = 2336) | PsoProtect (n = 300) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 48.8 (16.5) | 55.0 (14.4) | 39.4 (15.4) | 49.9 (12.6) |
| Sexa | ||||
| Female | 3563 (58.6) | 2295 (66.7) | 1153 (49.4) | 115 (38.3) |
| Male | 2468 (40.6) | 1144 (33.2) | 1139 (48.8) | 185 (61.7) |
| Unknown | 46 (0.8) | 2 (0.1) | 44 (1.9) | 0 |
| Regiona | ||||
| Africa | 24 (0.4) | 16 (0.5) | 7 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) |
| Eastern Mediterranean | 191 (3.1) | 120 (3.5) | 68 (2.9) | 3 (1.0) |
| Europe | 3215 (52.9) | 1800 (52.3) | 1143 (48.9) | 272 (90.7) |
| North America | 2015 (33.2) | 1066 (31.0) | 942 (40.3) | 7 (2.3) |
| South America | 502 (8.3) | 375 (10.9) | 111 (4.8) | 16 (5.3) |
| Southeast Asia | 22 (0.4) | 8 (0.2) | 13 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) |
| Western Pacific | 85 (1.4) | 56 (1.6) | 29 (1.2) | 0 |
| Unknown | 23 (0.4) | 0 | 23 (1.0) | 0 |
| Diagnosisa | ||||
| Rheumatoid arthritis only | 2146 (35.3) | 2146 (62.4) | NA | NA |
| Spondyloarthritis only | 624 (10.3) | 624 (18.1) | NA | NA |
| Psoriatic arthritis only | 566 (9.3) | 566 (16.4) | NA | NA |
| Other inflammatory arthritis or >1 type of inflammatory arthritis | 105 (1.7) | 105 (3.1) | NA | NA |
| Crohn disease | 1537 (25.3) | NA | 1537 (65.8) | NA |
| Unspecified inflammatory bowel disease | 37 (0.6) | NA | 37 (1.6) | NA |
| Ulcerative colitis | 762 (12.5) | NA | 762 (32.6) | NA |
| Psoriasis | 300 (4.9) | NA | NA | 300 (100) |
| Disease activitya | ||||
| Remission | 2511 (41.3) | 1067 (31.0) | 1369 (58.6) | 75 (25.0) |
| Active | 2918 (48.0) | 1829 (53.2) | 864 (37.0) | 225 (75.0) |
| Unknown | 648 (10.7) | 545 (15.8) | 103 (4.4) | 0 |
| Exposure treatment regimena | ||||
| TNF inhibitor monotherapy | 2844 (46.8) | 1183 (34.4) | 1445 (61.9) | 216 (72.0) |
| TNF inhibitor plus methotrexate | 669 (11.0) | 575 (16.7) | 87 (3.7) | 7 (2.3) |
| TNF inhibitor plus azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine | 334 (5.5) | 7 (0.2) | 327 (14.0) | 0 |
| Methotrexate monotherapy | 1546 (25.4) | 1438 (41.8) | 31 (1.3) | 77 (25.7) |
| Azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine monotherapy | 398 (6.5) | 19 (0.6) | 379 (16.2) | 0 |
| Jak inhibitor monotherapy | 286 (4.7) | 219 (6.4) | 67 (2.9) | 0 |
| Concomitant medication | ||||
| Sulfasalazine | 294 (4.8) | 246 (7.1) | 48 (2.1) | NA |
| Mesalamine | 384 (6.3) | NA | 384 (16.4) | NA |
| Oral budesonide | 39 (0.6) | NA | 39 (1.7) | NA |
| Leflunomide | 212 (3.5) | 212 (6.2) | NA | NA |
| Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine | 316 (5.2) | 316 (9.2) | NA | NA |
| Daily glucocorticoida | ||||
| No | 114 (1.9) | 2650 (77.0) | 2212 (94.7) | 300 (100) |
| Yes | 5162 (84.9) | 683 (19.8) | 118 (5.1) | 0 |
| Unknown | 801 (13.2) | 108 (3.1) | 6 (0.3) | 0 |
| Daily prednisone-equivalent glucocorticoid, median (25th percentile-75th percentile), mg | 5 (5.0-10.0) | 5 (5.0-7.5) | 20.0 (5.0-36.0) | NA |
| Smoking statusa | ||||
| Never or past | 4791 (78.8) | 2358 (68.5) | 2236 (95.7) | 197 (65.7) |
| Current | 295 (4.9) | 153 (4.4) | 100 (4.3) | 42 (14.0) |
| Unknown | 991 (16.3) | 930 (27.0) | 0 | 61 (20.3) |
| BMIa | ||||
| <30 | 4877 (80.3) | 2768 (80.4) | 1951 (83.5) | 158 (52.7) |
| ≥30 | 1150 (18.9) | 673 (19.6) | 385 (16.5) | 92 (30.7) |
| Unknown | 50 (0.8) | 0 | 0 | 50 (16.7) |
| Lung disease | ||||
| Interstitial | 164 (2.7) | 134 (3.9) | 26 (1.1) | 4 (1.3) |
| Obstructive | 430 (7.1) | 317 (9.2) | 99 (4.2) | 14 (4.7) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 388 (6.4) | 274 (8.0) | 90 (3.9) | 24 (8.0) |
| Diabetes | 541 (8.9) | 401 (11.7) | 80 (3.4) | 57 (19.0) |
| Hypertension | 1360 (22.4) | 1088 (31.6) | 193 (8.3) | 79 (26.3) |
| Kidney disease | 120 (2.0) | 93 (2.7) | 24 (1.0) | 3 (1.0) |
| Cancer | 117 (1.9) | 91 (2.6) | 18 (0.8) | 8 (2.7) |
| Hospitalization statusa | ||||
| Not hospitalized | 4649 (76.5) | 2396 (69.6) | 1996 (85.4) | 257 (85.7) |
| Hospitalized | 1297 (21.3) | 939 (27.3) | 316 (13.5) | 42 (14.0) |
| Unknown | 131 (2.2) | 106 (3.1) | 24 (1.0) | 1 (0.3) |
| Deatha | ||||
| Alive | 5845 (96.2) | 3266 (94.9) | 2282 (97.7) | 297 (99.0) |
| Dead | 189 (3.1) | 166 (4.8) | 20 (0.9) | 3 (1.0) |
| Unknown | 43 (0.7) | 9 (0.3) | 34 (1.5) | 0 |
| Presumptive COVID-19 diagnosisb | 864 (14.2) | 752 (21.9) | 0 | 112 (37.3) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); GRA, COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance; Jak, Janus kinase; NA, not applicable; PsoProtect, Psoriasis Patient Registry for Outcomes, Therapy and Epidemiology of COVID-19 Infection; SECURE-IBD, Secure Epidemiology of Coronavirus Under Research Exclusion for Inflammatory Bowel Disease; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
a
Subcategories are mutually exclusive.
b
Presumptive diagnosis based on symptoms alone.