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. 2021 Oct 14;14:5291–5304. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S309457

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© 2021 Chen et al.

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Capsaicin (CAP) pretreatment down-regulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HMGB1 expression and NF-κB activation. (A) Relative mRNA expression of Hmgb1 in lung tissue was determined by qPCR. (B) Western blot analysis of HMGB1, p-IκBα, IκBα, p-p65, and p65 expression in lung tissue. GAPDH was used as the loading control. (C–E) Quantitative analysis of (B). Results are representative of three independent experiments and data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6–8 for each group). **p < 0.01 versus the vehicle group; ^#p < 0.05 and ^##p < 0.01 versus the LPS group.