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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 17.
Published in final edited form as: Biochem J. 2021 Sep 17;478(17):3373–3393. doi: 10.1042/BCJ20210084

Figure 1. The metastatic cascade.

Figure 1.

Top-During the metastatic progression, primary tumor (for example (e.g.,) breast cancer undergoes epigenetic changes to acquire the metastatic traits to form distant metastases (e.g., lung, brain, and bone metastasis). Bottom-The cancer cells at the primary site acquire the ability to invade and migrate through the blood vessels, survive in the circulation, extravasate the blood vessels, settle down at the distant microenvironment, and proliferate to form metastases.