Table 1.
Subject characteristics. Data shown for participants who underwent goal-directed therapy after oesophagectomy or hepatobiliary surgery aimed at achieving their preoperative oxygen delivery and had paired skin biopsies taken. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) for parametric data and as median (25th–75th inter-quartile range) for non-parametric data. Frequencies are presented with percentages (%). Age is rounded to the nearest year. ∗Indicates sepsis or suspected infection within 72 h of surgery. †Inhalation general anaesthesia was used in all cases.
| Skin biopsies (oesophagectomy) |
All participants |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal DO2 (n=10) | Low DO2 (n=7) | Normal DO2 (n=22) | Low DO2 (n=9) | |
| Age (yr) | 67 (6) | 67 (4) | 71 (10) | 69 (4) |
| Female sex (n; %) | 4 (31) | 3 (43) | 10 (45) | 4 (44) |
| Body mass index (kg m−2) | 28.5 (4.0) | 28.4 (2.8) | 27.7 (4.1) | 28.3 (4.0) |
| Haemoglobin (g L−1) | 121 (15) | 139 (20) | 125 (15) | 135 (23) |
| Albumin (g L−1) | 42 (5) | 45 (2) | 44 (5) | 44 (3) |
| Co-morbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 12 (71) | 4 (57) | 19 (86) | 7 (78) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3 (18) | 0 | 5 (23) | 1 (11) |
| Hypertension | 8 (47) | 3 (43) | 14 (64) | 5 (56) |
| Intraoperative | ||||
| General† + epidural anaesthesia | 11 (65) | 7 (100) | 17 (77) | 8 (89) |
| Duration of operation (min) | 260 (195–335) | 298 (288–360) | 273 (102) | 319 (83) |
| Fluid therapy (ml kg−1 h−1) | 7.1 (4.8–11.7) | 8.8 (7.3–10.6) | 9.6 (6.3–14.5) | 11.3 (4.1) |
| Packed red cells, n (%) | 3 (18) | 1 (14) | 1 | 1 |
| Lactate (mM) | 2.4 (1.2–3.0) | 1.8 (1.7–2.4) | 1.7 (1.2–2.6) | 2.1 (1.7–2.4) |
| Intervention period | ||||
| Dobutamine | 3 (30) | 1 (14) | 5 (23) | 1 (11) |
| Fluid therapy (ml kg−1 h−1) | 20.5 (16.5–25.0) | 16.9 (12.9–23.0) | 18.4 (13.1–24.7) | 21.2 (15.4–24.8) |
| Packed red cells, n (%) | 2 (22) | 0 | 2 (9) | 3 (33) |
| Lactate (mM) | 2.4 (1.2–3.0) | 1.8 (1.7–2.4) | 1.9 (0.9–2.6) | 1.3 (1.2–2.5) |
| Haemoglobin (g L−1) | 114 (18) | 122 (18) | 113 (16) | 114 (22) |
| Complications | ||||
| Clavien-Dindo >grade 2, n (%) | 5 (50) | 5 (74) | 11 (50) | 6 (67) |
| Infection/sepsis∗, n (%) | 5 (50) | 4 (57) | 7 (32) | 5 (56) |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 16 (10–27) | 24 (17–78) | 12 (8–17) | 17 (12–22) |