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. 2021 Oct 6;22(6):1408. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10844

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Copyright: © Sevastre et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Glioblastoma multiforme signalling pathways. PDGFRA, platelet-derived growth factor receptor A; FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor; INSR, insulin receptor; NF1, neurofibromin 1; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PIK3CA, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha; KRIT1, Krev interaction trapped; RTK, receptor tyrosin kinase; CDKN2A/B/C, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B/C; CDK4/6, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6; Rb1, retinoblastoma protein 1; MDM2/4, mouse double minute 2/4 homolog; KLLN, killin. Block arrow, inhibition; point arrow, pathway flow.