Table 1.

Human and animal syndromic case definitions.

Population	Syndrome	Case definition
Humans	Acute febrile infection (AFI)	Self-reported fever or measured temperature of ≥38 °C during the last seven days and the absence of surgery or a painful skin lesion.
	Severe AFI	Acute febrile infection and at least one of the following: unusual bleeding, finger numbness, walking difficulty, muscle weakness, convulsions, lethargy or unconsciousness.
	Acute respiratory infection (ARI)	Self-reported cough and difficulty breathing within the preceding seven days, oxygen saturation < 90% or a pneumonia diagnostic given by a medical doctor or nurse. In children <5 years of age: Presence of any danger signs or fast breathing based on caretaker report or study nurse assessment. •Fast breathing: ≥40 breaths per minute for >1-year-old, ≥50 for 2 to ≤11 months, and ≥ 60 for <2 months. •Danger sign: Child <5 years of age not being able to drink or breastfeed, vomit everything, convulsions, cyanosis, head nodding, lethargy, or unconsciousness.
	Severe ARI	Acute respiratory infection and at least one of the following: oxygen saturation < 90%, danger sign, shortness of breath, chest pain, stridor, respiratory groan, respiratory wheezing, nasal flaring, convulsions, lethargy or unconsciousness.
	Acute diarrheic infection (ADI)	Self-reported three or more loose or watery stools within 24 h during the previous seven days and with onset during the last 14 days.
	Sever ADI	Acute diarrheic infection and at least one of the following: bloody stools, thirstiness, sunken eyes, dry mucosa, skin with poor turgor, 3 or more vomits within a day, convulsions, lethargy or unconsciousness.
	Any syndrome	AFI, ARI or ADI.
Animals	Reproductive	Mastitis, hematuria, abortions, dead or weak offspring, orchitis or metritis assessed by field technician/veterinarian or reported by owner.
	Gastrointestinal	Jaundice, vomits, or diarrhea assessed by field technician/veterinarian or reported by owner.
	Ocular	Uveitis, eyelid protrusion, or ocular or nasal secretions assessed by field technician/veterinarian or reported by owner.
	Muscle-skeletal	Low back pain, myalgia, arthralgia, lameness, posterior paralysis, or spondylitis assessed by field technician/veterinarian or reported by owner.
	Respiratory	Ocular or nasal secretions and cough assessed by field technician/veterinarian or reported by owner.
	Any syndrome	Reproductive, gastrointestinal, ocular, muscle-skeletal or respiratory assessed by field technician/veterinarian or reported by owner.