Table 4.
Recorded CT features of the entire cohort.
| Parameter | COVID-19 | Non-COVID-19 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 90 | 294 | |
| Laterality, n (%) | 0.391chi2 | ||
| Unilateral | 3 (3) | 19 (6) | |
| Bilateral | 87 (97) | 275 (94) | |
| Axial direction, n (%) | <0.001chi2 | ||
| Central | 2 (2) | 13 (4) | |
| Peripheral | 40 (44) | 28 (10) | |
| No predilection | 48 (53) | 253 (86) | |
| Craniocaudal direction, n (%) | <0.001chi2 | ||
| Upper | 7 (8) | 35 (12) | |
| Lower | 20 (22) | 132 (45) | |
| No predilection | 63 (70) | 127 (43) | |
| Anteroposterior direction, n (%) | 0.806chi2 | ||
| Anterior | 1 (1) | 3 (1) | |
| Posterior | 27 (30) | 78 (27) | |
| No predilection | 62 (69) | 213 (72) | |
| Subpleural sparing, n (%) | 6 (7) | 20 (7) | >0.999chi2 |
| Extent, n (%) * | <0.001chi2 | ||
| Mild | 13 (14) | 107 (36) | |
| Moderate | 46 (51) | 107 (36) | |
| Severe | 31 (34) | 80 (27) | |
| Number of pulmonary segments involved, mean (SD) | 13 (4.6) | 11 (5.2) | <0.001tt2 |
| Decreased attenuation pattern, n (%) | <0.001chi2 | ||
| GGO | 39 (43) | 121 (41) | |
| Consolidation | 3 (3) | 26 (9) | |
| Crazy paving | 2 (2) | 1 (0) | |
| GGO and consolidation | 29 (32) | 83 (28) | |
| GGO and crazy paving | 5 (6) | 10 (3) | |
| Consolidation and crazy paving | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | |
| GGO, consolidation and crazy paving | 11 (12) | 11 (4) | |
| Rounded GGO, n (%) | 37 (41) | 33 (11) | <0.001chi2 |
| Band like subpleural opacities, n (%) | 57 (63) | 27 (9) | <0.001chi2 |
| Reversed halo sign, n (%) | 22 (24) | 10 (3) | <0.001chi2 |
| Perilobular pattern, n (%) | 17 (19) | 16 (5) | <0.001chi2 |
| Halo sign, n (%) | 3 (3) | 13 (4) | 0.880chi2 |
| Solid and/or GGO centrilobular nodules, n (%) | 4 (4) | 172 (59) | <0.001chi2 |
| Tree-in-bud, n (%) | 0 (0) | 12 (4) | 0.109chi2 |
| Subpleural curvilinear lines, n (%) | 40 (44) | 33 (11) | <0.001chi2 |
| Septal thickening, n (%) | 11 (12) | 101 (34) | <0.001chi2 |
| Irregular reticulation, n (%) | 4 (4) | 8 (3) | 0.621chi2 |
| Air bronchogram, n (%) | 14 (16) | 58 (20) | 0.464chi2 |
| Bronchial wall thickening, n (%) | 8 (9) | 143 (49) | <0.001chi2 |
| Vascular thickening, n (%) ** | 29 (32) | 13 (4) | <0.001chi2 |
| Bronchiectasis/Bronchiolectasis, n (%) | 9 (10) | 20 (7) | 0.437chi2 |
| Pleural effusion, n (%) | 18 (20) | 104 (35) | 0.009chi2 |
| Enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes, n (%) | 9 (10) | 16 (5) | 0.197chi2 |
N = absolute number of cases, SD = standard deviation, chi2 = Pearson’s chi-squared test, tt2 = Welch’s two-sample t-test, GGO = ground glass opacity.
*
Based on the percentage of affected lung parenchyma: mild < 25%, moderate 25 – 50%, severe >50%.
**
Enlargement of subsegmental vessels (diameter greater than 3 mm) in areas of lung abnormalities.