Table 2.
Cox proportional hazard regression models for the association between the risk factors and mortality
| HR | 95% CI | P | HR | 95% CI | P | HR | 95% CI | P | HR | 95% CI | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low SD without CKD group | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | ||||||||
| High SD without CKD group | 2.123 | (1.268, 3.555) | 0.004 | 2.096 | (1.251, 3.511) | 0.005 | 2.113 | (1.261, 3.542) | 0.005 | 2.105 | (1.256, 3.528) | 0.005 |
| Low SD with CKD group | 2.066 | (1.169, 3.649) | 0.012 | 1.774 | (0.999, 3.149) | 0.050 | 1.502 | (0.841, 2.682) | 0.169 | 1.224 | (0.675, 2.217) | 0.505 |
| High SD with CKD group | 4.091 | (2.380, 7.029) | < 0.001 | 3.497 | (2.019, 6.057) | < 0.001 | 2.966 | (1.704, 5.163) | < 0.001 | 2.382 | (1.346, 4.215) | 0.003 |
| Age ≥ 65 years | 3.261 | (2.097, 5.070) | < 0.001 | 2.767 | (1.761, 4.348) | < 0.001 | 2.654 | (1.684, 4.183) | < 0.001 | 2.631 | (1.671, 4.144) | < 0.001 |
| Male | 1.692 | (1.175, 2.436) | 0.005 | 1.636 | (1.122, 2.385) | 0.011 | 1.498 | (1.025, 2.189) | 0.037 | 1.496 | (1.016, 2.203) | 0.041 |
| Current smoker | 0.987 | (0.507, 1.922) | 0.970 | 1.076 | (0.550, 2.107) | 0.830 | 1.103 | (0.562, 2.164) | 0.775 | |||
| CVD history | 1.293 | (0.867, 1.927) | 0.208 | 1.281 | (0.827, 1.986) | 0.267 | 1.287 | (0.833, 1.987) | 0.256 | |||
| Obesitya | 0.992 | (0.681, 1.445) | 0.967 | 1.006 | (0.689, 1.467) | 0.977 | 0.993 | (0.680, 1.450) | 0.973 | |||
| Duration of diabetes ≥ 13 yearsb | 1.594 | (1.067, 2.380) | 0.023 | 1.455 | (0.967, 2.189) | 0.072 | 1.496 | (0.992, 2.256) | 0.055 | |||
| Hypertension | 1.898 | (0.940, 3.834) | 0.074 | 1.681 | (0.809, 3.494) | 0.164 | 1.507 | (0.720, 3.154) | 0.277 | |||
| Current use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs | 1.220 | (0.839, 1.773) | 0.297 | 1.218 | (0.839, 1.769) | 0.300 | ||||||
| Current use of statins | 0.517 | (0.361, 0.741) | < 0.001 | 0.524 | (0.364, 0.755) | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Current use of antiplatelet agents | 1.155 | (0.774, 1.724) | 0.482 | 1.107 | (0.742, 1.650) | 0.618 | ||||||
| Current use of insulin | 1.454 | (0.999, 2.116) | 0.050 | 1.295 | (0.865, 1.939) | 0.210 | ||||||
| Current use of metformin | 0.690 | (0.449, 1.061) | 0.091 | 0.705 | (0.458, 1.085) | 0.112 | ||||||
| Current use of SGLT2 inhibitors | 0.159 | (0.039, 0.649) | 0.010 | 0.184 | (0.045, 0.754) | 0.019 | ||||||
| HbA1c ≥ 7% | 0.798 | (0.551, 1.154) | 0.231 | |||||||||
| Total cholesterol ≥ 4.14 mmol/L | 0.986 | (0.669, 1.454) | 0.944 | |||||||||
| Low HDL cholesterolc | 1.197 | (0.807, 1.777) | 0.371 | |||||||||
| Triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/L | 0.732 | (0.466, 1.151) | 0.177 | |||||||||
| Albuminuria | 2.617 | (1.725, 3.970) | < 0.001 |
ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin II receptor antagonist, CKD chronic kidney disease, CI confidence interval, HDL high-density lipoprotein, SD standard deviation, SGLT2 sodium glucose cotransporter 2
aObesity defined as a body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m2,
bMedian of duration of diabetes was 13 years
cLow HDL cholesterol defined as < 40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) in men or < 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in women