Table 1.
Characteristics of acute myocardial infarction patients in the study
| STEMI | NSTEMI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetic N = 2820 |
Non-diabetic N = 3021 |
Diabetic N = 2338 |
Non-diabetic N = 1767 |
|
| Age in years, median (IQR) | 58.6 (51.4–66.2) | 57.0 (50.5–64.9) | 61.2 (54.0–70.0) | 58.4 (50.9–66.9) |
| Male, n (%) | 2289 (81.2) | 2644 (87.5) | 1695 (72.5) | 1498 (84.8) |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| Chinese | 1457 (51.7) | 1997 (66.1) | 1208 (51.7) | 1202 (68.0) |
| Malay | 714 (25.3) | 574 (19.0) | 550 (23.5) | 305 (17.3) |
| Indian | 601 (21.3) | 400 (13.2) | 540 (23.1) | 230 (13.0) |
| Past medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 1854 (65.7) | 1266 (41.9) | 1876 (80.2) | 963 (54.5) |
| Diabetes | 2142 (76.0) | NA | 1994 (85.3) | NA |
| Not on treatment | 451 (21.1) | NA | 257 (12.9) | NA |
| Diet control | 113 (5.3) | NA | 102 (5.1) | NA |
| Oral medication | 1391 (64.9) | NA | 1264 (63.4) | NA |
| Insulin | 64 (3.0) | NA | 153 (7.7) | NA |
| Oral medication & insulin | 123 (5.7) | NA | 218 (10.9) | NA |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1701 (60.4) | 1070 (35.4) | 1825 (78.1) | 906 (51.3) |
| MI/PCI/CABG | 499 (17.7) | 319 (10.6) | 963 (41.2) | 337 (19.1) |
| Smoking, n (%) | ||||
| Current | 1253 (44.9) | 1602 (53.3) | 750 (32.2) | 806 (45.7) |
| Former | 422 (15.1) | 365 (12.1) | 468 (20.1) | 315 (17.9) |
| Never | 1118 (40.0) | 1039 (34.6) | 1113 (47.7) | 641 (36.4) |
| BMI in kg/m2, median (IQR) | 25.2 (22.9–27.9) | 24.4 (22.2–27.0) | 25.6 (23.1–28.9) | 24.8 (22.6–27.5) |
| Glucose in mmol/L, median (IQR) | 13.8 (10.5–18.4) | 7.8 (6.8–9.4) | 12.3 (9.0–16.4) | 6.7 (5.8–8.0) |
| HbA1c in %, median (IQR) | 8.0 (6.9–9.9) | 5.7 (5.5–6.0) | 7.7 (6.8–9.3) | 5.7 (5.5–6.0) |
| Total cholesterol in mmol/L, median (IQR) | 4.9 (4.0–5.9) | 5.2 (4.5–6.1) | 4.7 (3.8–5.7) | 5.2 (4.4–6.0) |
| LDL-cholesterol in mmol/L, median (IQR) | 3.1 (2.4–4.0) | 3.5 (2.8–4.3) | 2.8 (2.2–3.7) | 3.5 (2.7–4.2) |
| HDL-cholesterol in mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) |
| Triglyceride in mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.5 (1.1–2.3) | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) |
| Haemoglobin in g/dL, median (IQR) | 14.6 (13.2–15.7) | 14.8 (13.7–15.8) | 13.7 (12.1–15.0) | 14.5 (13.4–15.4) |
| Creatinine in µmol/L, median (IQR) | 89 (74–112) | 90 (77–105) | 88 (72–116) | 84 (73–97) |
| Killip class on admission, n (%) | ||||
| I | 2261 (80.2) | 2541 (84.1) | 1790 (76.6) | 1599 (90.5) |
| II | 196 (6.9) | 126 (4.2) | 322 (13.8) | 94 (5.3) |
| III | 130 (4.6) | 86 (2.9) | 199 (8.5) | 52 (2.9) |
| IV | 233 (8.3) | 267 (8.8) | 26 (1.1) | 21 (1.2) |
| In-patient medication, n (%) | ||||
| Aspirin | 2733 (96.9) | 2956 (97.9) | 2298 (98.3) | 1722 (97.5) |
| Beta-blocker | 2457 (87.1) | 2616 (86.6) | 2121 (90.7) | 1575 (89.1) |
| ACEI/ARB | 2171 (77.0) | 2221 (73.5) | 1930 (82.6) | 1265 (71.6) |
| Lipid lowering drug | 2731 (96.8) | 2955 (97.8) | 2313 (98.9) | 1755 (99.3) |
| P2Y12 inhibitor | 2773 (98.3) | 2982 (98.7) | 2330 (99.7) | 1760 (99.6) |
ACEI/ARB angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, BMI body mass index, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, IQR interquartile range, MI myocardial infarction, NA not applicable, NSTEMI non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, SHR stress-hyperglycaemia ratio, STEMI ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction