Table 3.
Strengths and limitations compared to the gold standard (microscopic examination of thick and thin blood films) of additional methods to diagnose malaria
| Microscopic examination of thick and thin blood films | ICT | LAMP assay | QBC examination | rtPCR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity (detection limit)* | Reference method | − − | + + + | + + | + + + |
| Plasmodium species determination | Reference method | − | − − − | − − | + + + |
| P. falciparum determination | Reference method | ± | − − − | − | + + + |
| Parasitaemia determination | Reference method | − − | − − − | − − | − |
| Speed of examination | Reference method | + + + | ± | + + + | − − |
| Simplicity of examination | Reference method | + + + | + + | − − | + |
| Low cost | Reference method | + + + | − | − | − |
| Possible function in diagnostic strategy | All-round method that can be used as stand-alone method if experienced technicians are available | Fast and simple screening assay that can be organized close to the patient | Reliable exclusion of malaria by less experienced technicians | Fast screening for malaria parasites if experienced technicians are available | Slow confirmation assay in case other methods are non-conclusive |
ICT: immunochromatographic test; LAMP: loop mediated isothermal amplification; QBC: Quantitative Buffy Coat; rtPCR: real-time polymerase chain reaction
*Based on an experienced laboratory technician; +, ± , −: better, equal or worse compared to the reference method microscopic examination of thick and thin blood films, respectively