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. 2021 Sep 21;11(20):13641–13660. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8105

Correlation coefficient (r) value between the covariates in the west Chure range. It was calculated using PAST version (4.0). When a set of two covariates have |r| ≥ .7, one was dropped from the analysis. The correlation coefficient between human disturbance (HD) and livestock presence (L) was >0.7 (bold), so HD was dropped off. Other covariates: Samp_Eff = sample effort, IO = management regime (inside and outside of PA), R = ruggedness, N = NDVI, PD = human population density, Leo = leopard, PS = prey species, WB = wild boar, T = tiger

Samp_Eff IO R N PD Leo PS WB L HD
Samp_Eff
IO −0.15
R 0.26 −0.22
N 0.16 0.05 −0.23
PD −0.24 −0.02 −0.44 −0.03
Leo 0.25 0.19 −0.02 0.15 −0.05
PS 0.32 0.28 −0.06 0.12 0.01 0.36
WB 0.35 0.20 −0.22 0.27 −0.04 0.37 0.54
L 0.46 −0.11 0.21 0.43 −0.22 0.12 0.09 0.25
HD 0.37 −0.05 0.25 0.48 −0.29 0.01 0.12 0.13 0.83
T 0.04 0.22 −0.21 0.04 0.11 0.35 0.38 0.26 −0.21 −0.23