TABLE 2.

Multivariable analyses of risk factors for 5‐year local control, neck control, distant metastases, and survival rates in patients (n = 1309) with oral cavity cancer and pathologically negative nodes

Risk factor	Local control		Neck control		Distant metastases		Disease‐free survival		Disease‐specific survival		Overall survival
	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p
Betel chewing (n = 1069)	2.076 (1.306–3.300)	.002	—	ns	—	ns	1.434 (1.012–2.032)	0.043	—	ns	—	ns
Poor differentiation (n = 77)	—	ns	2.657 (1.491–4.736)	0.001	5.141 (2.450–10.792)	<0.001	2.134 (1.411–3.226)	<0.001	2.816 (1.642–4.829)	<0.001	1.572 (1.052–2.350)	0.027
Perineural invasion (n = 283)	—	ns	2.193 (1.442–3.334)	<0.001	—	ns	1.534 (1.168–2.014)	0.002	1.860 (1.251–2.764)	0.002	—	ns
Lymphatic invasion (n = 9)	—	ns	4.273 (1.044–17.497)	0.043	—	ns	—	ns	4.473 (1.095–18.282)	0.037	4.393 (1.793–10.764)	0.001
Depth of invasion ≥10 mm (n = 529)	—	ns	—	ns	3.095 (1.622–5.905)	0.001	—	ns	2.067 (1.403–3.047)	<0.001	—	ns
pT3–4 (n = 581)	—	ns	—	ns	—	ns	1.322 (1.032–1.693)	0.027	—	ns	1.674 (1.316–2.129)	<0.001
Age ≥65 (n = 189)	—	ns	—	ns	—	ns	—	ns	—	ns	1.612 (1.237–2.101)	<0.001
S+RT/CCRT (n = 422)	1.547 (1.155–2.073)	0.003		ns		ns		ns		ns	1.725 (1.362–2.184)	<0.001

Abbreviations: CCRT, chemoradiotherapy; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; ns, not significant; RT, radiotherapy; S, surgery.