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. 2021 Oct 5;12:743086. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.743086

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Copyright © 2021 Li, Mao, Wang, Liu, Wang, Li, Li, Zhang and Lin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Inhibitory effects of BHGZD on the TLR4–mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS/ATP–induced Raw264.7 macrophage cells. (A) The expression of NLRP3 and ASC proteins was measured by immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy in Raw264.7 macrophage cells (NLRP3 FITC green, ASC CY3 red, DAPI blue; scale bar represents 50 μm). (B) The secretion of IL-1β and LDH release in Raw264.7 macrophage cells were evaluated by ELISA. (C ∼ D) The expression levels of TLR4, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, GSDMD, and IL-1β in Raw264.7 macrophage cells were measured by Western blotting. *, **, and ***, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively, in comparison with the normal control group; #, ##, and ###, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively, in comparison with LPS/ATP–induced model.